Six Forces of Culture - 1450 Words

Six Forces of Culture Six Forces of Culture: My Chosen Event Prince George’s Annual Traditional POW Wow is an event put on by the Prince George Friendship Centre, it takes place at the Carrie Jane Gray Park. It is rich in energy and historical popular culture. Hosting the powwow is a way of ensuring the rich heritage of the aboriginal people is preserved. The word Pow Wow, or pau wau, means a gathering of people coming together to trade. Explorers misinterpreted the ceremony of medicine men dancing, thinking all natives gathered to sing and dance in this manner. The modern day Pow Wow evolved from the Grass Dance Societies that formed during the early 1800 s. The dances were an opportunity for the warriors to reenact their brave†¦show more content†¦When referring to the Six Forces of Culture that affect or influence events the powwow incorporates heavily on the historical aspects, the trials and tribulations the culture faced being government socialized, losing their cultural languages, having to abide by a whole new governing law that allocated power to the government no longer to the elders. These types of events are also meant to provide an alleyway for effective communication with other native and non-native parties creating effective communication and understanding of the culture that surrounds us. In our current times we are surrounded by First Nation historical culture, carvings, totem poles, statues, artwork ect. Prior to Europeans arriving in what is now known as Canada, First Nation people did not have a brewing tradition and had no experience with alcohol. As the Fur Trade developed, alcohol was given as a gift as well as a trade item at trading posts (Waldram, Herring, Young, 2000). Traders used alcohol, specifically distilled hard liquors to lure trappers away from rival company posts. As Hamer and Steinbring (1980) have noted, ‘Alcohol was used as an inducement to participate, as a medium of exchange, and as a standard of competitive access’. I only mention this as the first nation have a proven problem with alcohol and drug consumption, There is an urgent and visible nature of alcohol and drug abuse amongShow MoreRelatedThe Streetcar Killing Of Sammy Yatim1425 Words   |  6 PagesHowever, with recent cases such as the streetcar killing of Sammy Yatim, the legitimacy of police has begun to be questioned. For the purpose of this essay, I will focus on how this case has brought forth conversations regarding police culture—including use of force and the visibility of police in the age of technology—and ultimately how this has shaped public perception of police. The Case of Sammy Yatim On July 26, 2013, Sammy Yatim, a mentally ill youth was shot nine times and killed by a policeRead MoreA Brief Note On Professional Educational Services Group1043 Words   |  5 Pagesbasis. Benchmarking new data with previous employment rates data before the changes occurred allows PESG to see if they are on the right track for making these changes. Chapters two, three, and six explain organizational changes and how to overcome problems that might occur when trying to make the culture better. In chapter two, the class discussed the challenges of change. PESG relates to this chapter through the building of adaptation into the organization. The changes made to better the individualRead MoreAn Effective Total Rewards Program For Increase Profitability1723 Words   |  7 Pagesthe author will describe the six features of an effective total rewards program that can contribute to motivating a sale force to produce a high number of clients. The author will describe the behaviors of the sales force that are targeted with the compensation plan. This paper will assess how a value proposition is achieved for current and future employees in the outlined plan. Lastly, the author will indicate how future salespeople may be attracted to this plan. Six features of an effective totalRead MoreSchizophrenia Case Study Essay1321 Words   |  6 PagesThroughout psychology today there are six different theoretical models that seek to explain and treat abnormal functioning or behavior. These different models have been a result of different ideas and beliefs over the course of history. As psychology began to grow so did the improvements in research techniques. As a result psychologists are able to explain a variety of disorders in terms of the six different theoretical models. In the movie A Beautiful Mind it follows the mathematician John NashRead MoreThe Six Rules Of Revitalization880 Words   |  4 PagesThe six rules to revitalization are a set of operational principles that a management team can utilize to keep their company relevant in the global competitive landscape. (Light Kiddon, p. 2). The six rules of revitalization include the following: 1. Refocus the Organization 2. Restore Brand Relevance 3. Reinvent the Brand Experience 4. Reinforce a Results Culture 5. Rebuild Brand Trust 6. Realize Global Alignment These rules create a useful framework when competing in the global market. WhenRead MoreThe Culture Of Egyptian Culture1248 Words   |  5 PagesEgyptian culture has its roots in several factors within its borders that define the tradition as well as a way of life in the country. The influences of culture in a country as well as throughout the human civilization underpin the understanding of culture. Egypt is not an exception to this characteristic of culture definition. There exist multiple influencers of culture within the Egyptian border that form the basis in form and principle of their way of life. The population that a form a countryRead MorePolice Brutality And Its Effects On America Essay1633 Words   |  7 Pagesabout the trend of this phenomenon when she said, In fact there has been an increase, a six per cent increase in fatal shootings when we compare the first six months of last year to the first six months of this year. There are about three people who are dying a day fatally shot by officers†. Her investigation provides evidence that the violence is increasing daily. It becomes clear that the violence of police forces becomes a serious national problem. However, this police brutality is the tree that concealsRead MoreSociological Concepts Essay728 Words   |  3 Pagesof text, double-spaced (this does not include the title page). * Refer to at least six sociological concepts covered in the lectures or textbook reading. Highlight these concepts in boldface. * Connect your concepts to the TCOs. Indicate the TCOs covered in parentheses, as demonstrated in the assignment instructions. Grading Rubric: Component | Points Possible | Submission refers to at least six sociological concepts covered in the lectures or textbook reading | 55 | Submission relatesRead MoreBa3103-Critical Analysis-Best Buy1103 Words   |  5 PagesIn recent years they have seen a decline in profits and are forced to close fifty stores in an attempt to restructure. In an attempt to understand the competitive forces that Best Buy must overcome and determine their strategic position in the electronic marketplace I will utilize the Porter six forces framework. Porter’s Six Forces | | SupplierPower:MODERATE to HIGH * Panasonic * Sony * Samsung * Vizio | Threat of Substitution: LOW | Threat of Entry:MODERATE to HIGH * E-commerceRead MoreLean Six Sigma can be termed as a program of process improvement that incorporates two ideas which600 Words   |  3 Pages Lean Six Sigma can be termed as a program of process improvement that incorporates two ideas which are lean, and six sigma. Lean comprises of techniques for minimizing the time required to deliver services or products. Six Sigma comprises of techniques for refining the quality of services and products, significantly contributing to amplified satisfaction of the client. By incorporating them, Lean Six Sigma can be seen to be a proven strategy of business management that assists organizations in operating

Heroes Come And Go By Robin Hood - 1436 Words

Being heroic along with being an outlaw are not two features that tend to mix well together because of previous stereotypes, Robin Hood is an exception to this because his actions, even though some might say were criminalistic, his intentions were to only provide a safe haven for the ones who deserves it the most, the poor. Heroes come and go, but the legend of Robin Hood has prevailed generation after generation. Robin Hood, who fought for freedom and liberty of every soul did it not for fame, but for equality and the right to live freely without the reign of a corrupt government. Robin Hood steals money from the poor and gives it to the rich, a message that sets fears in the wealthy, but opens up a whole new atmosphere for poor to dream and believe in. Focusing on the movie aspect of Robin Hood and his portrayal, Kevin Reynolds Robin Hood: Prince of Thieves 1991, James Hunter Robin Hood: Prince of Sherwood 1994, Spoke Brandt Tom and Jerry: Robin Hood and His Merry Mouse 2012, and M el Brooks Robin Hood Men in Tights 1993. Robin Hood played a vital role in getting the system overthrown and in order to know more about him, explaining the folklore behind him, the symbolism of his character, and the film created in his honor. Robin Hood played a vital role in creating the atmosphere that the poor rely on to this day, the lower class are a vital role in every economy as they are the majority and he showed what can happen when they are not taken care of. The real question that isShow MoreRelatedThe Similarities And Differences Of Beowulf And Robin Hood749 Words   |  3 PagesEarth is aware of what a hero is and can even list a few off the top of their head. 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Heroes are everywhere we justRead MoreThe Importance of Helping Others1022 Words   |  5 Pagesnefarious, and those with less dramatic characteristics. Man in the Water is a story about a plane that crashes into the Potomac river and the last survivors are floating in the water waiting for rescue. The water is freezing and the helicopter comes and sends down a lifeline and a single man kept passing it off to everyone else till he died and was not rescued.â€Å"For at some moment in the water he must have realized that he would not live if he continued to hand over the rope and ring to othersRead MoreRole and evolution of the hero in literature1472 Words   |  6 PagesThe appearance of heroes in literature marks a revolution in thought that occurred when writers and their audiences turned their attention away from immortal gods to mortal men.(Hero, Encyclopedia Britanica). Heroes were the first human beings in literature and where able to spark a general interest in the audience. They risked their lives for valiant causes and created a moment s glory that lived on longer after they were gone. Although this was a great change, these heroes were still veryRead MoreHeros and Sidekicks Eastern Western and Modern Mythology. Achillies and Patroclus, Gilgamesh and Enkidu, Batman and Robin1713 Words   |  7 PagesHeroes and their sidekicks have been a consistent motif in mythology from the very first civilization, to the ancient Greeks, and even to popular culture now. Three specific stories with very similar hero-sidekick themes are the relationships between Gilgamesh and Enkidu in the Epic of Gilgamesh, Achilles and Patroclus in the Iliad, and Batman and Robin in the graphic novel Death in the Family. This essay will explore the similarities and differences between these important pieces of literatureRead MoreJesse James Made History By Making The First Successful Train Robbery1495 Words   |  6 Pagesa western folk hero. Jesse James, the notorious outlaw and alleged hero, was born September 5th, 1847, near Kearney, Missouri. He had one brother, Franklin James, and their mother was Zerelda. Their father Robert James, had left his young family to go to the California gold fields to minister. He died soon after he arrived there, and Jesse’s mother remarried quickly. Zerelda remarried three times. Her second husband was Benjamin Simms. It was said that their stepfather abused the family, which mayRead MoreThe Cautionary Tale Of The Novel Repent, Harlequin ! 1518 Words   |  7 Pagesothers, there was only sniggering: those strata where thought is subjugated to form and ritual†¦But down below, ah, down below, where the people always needed their saints and sinners, their bread and circuses, their heroes and villains, he was considered a Bolivar; a Napoleon; a Robin Hood; a Dick Bong (Ace of Aces); a Jesus; a Jomo Kenyatta (Ellison 297). It is through these numerous allusions that Ellison touches on the contrast between the established authority and the individualist stance. EachRead MoreBiker Gangs781 Words   |  4 PagesOrganized crime has many relationships that go along with the group. For the sake of the assignment, I will be discussing the organized crime of biker gangs or rather â€Å"clubs†. There are many different relationships dealing with biker gangs, both in and out of the gang. Many people see them as a nuisance, while others see them as kind of a group of Robin Hoods. Many problems that arise with biker gangs are various with them being anywhere from murder, theft, vandalism, drugs and minor trafficRead MoreJesse. James : The Hero And The Villain Of His Time1174 Words   |  5 PagesMissouri. Jesse was born third of the four kids that his parents, Robert and Zerelda James, birthed. Robert James, Jesse’s father, was a Baptist minister as well as a slave owner. Jesse James’ mother soon became a widow when her husband, Robert, decided to go to California to gold mine. According to an author, â€Å"A few months later, he will die of cholera.† Soon after Jesse James’ father died, his mother got remarried. According to an author, â€Å"But rumor had it that their new stepfather treated Jesse and FrankRead MoreHow the Makers of Shrek Subvert the Usual Conventions of a Fairytale Using Presentational Devices1354 Words   |  6 PagesShrek took conventional well-known fairytale characters and changed them to make them humorous, for example the three little pigs were given stereotypical homosexual voices. Other characters in the film were Tinkerbell, Little Red Riding Hood, The Three Bears and many more. They also added and changed well known phrases from fairytale films. For example the Three Little Pigs dont say, He huffed and he puffed and blew the house down they say, He huffed and he puffed

Statistics and Leasing Business Research Method

Question: Discuss about the Statistics and Leasing Business Research Method. Answer: Introduction: The car leasing business is becoming very popular nowadays everywhere in the world. The leasing of a car enables the customers to enjoy the right of the car and ride the car while the actual ownership of the car remains with the customer (Philipson and Sansom 2015). The leasing of car is practiced for different purposes like for traveling, office goers and other services (Baker and Donnet 2012). There are also many organizations who allow the customer to choose from a wide variety of cars. This car leasing business is popular as it allows the customers to enjoy all the benefits of having the car without paying the full amount of money. The car companies like Toyota also provides this services over a large number of destinations all across the country. The popular car leasing companies of the country are carlease.com, smartleasing.com, leaseplan and others. The assignment aims to study the change of the car leasing business over the entire country Australia. The present situation of the country for running the business, the opinion of the people of the country regarding leasing of car is being studied in this assignment. The assignment covers the methods of data collection and the analysis and interpretation of the data. The expected outcome of the results of analysis is also given in this assignment. The main problem statement concerned in this research work is to understand the present situation of the car leasing business in Australia. Aim and motivation: The aim of this research is to understand the present situation of the car leasing business in Australia and determine the factors affecting the growth of the business. The motivation of the project comes from the fact that car leasing business has grown in Australia over the years. There is also a new concept of novated car leasing business. This factor has also led to the growth of the business in the country. Research objective: The objective of the research is to understand the changes in the car leasing business in Australia and its effect on other factors like the employment, economic improvement and others. Literature review: The car leasing refers to taking a car in rent from the owner of the car. The car leasing is widely practiced in different countries o the world. There are a number of companies in the country Australia that performs this business (Featherstone 2016). This allows the customer to enjoy all the rights of the car without actually owning the car. The ownership of the car retains with the original owner. The business helps to save a lot of money for the common people that would be required for buying a car (Johns 2013). The popular companies that are involved in this business are leaseplan, smartlease and others. The company Leaseplan is the top company in the world for running the business. The company Leaseplan is operating for more than 50 years. The company has more than 95000 vehicles and employs more than 360 staffs. The main offices of the company are situated at Melbourne, Adelaide, Perth, Canberra, Brisbane, Sydney and other places. The company provides services to the Government as well as non government organizations (leaseplan.com.au 2016). Along with these, the company also takes part in various social activities like supporting sports and helping the kids. There is a concept called novated car leasing in the country Australia. In the case of novated car lease, the employer of the company is given a car by the company. The novated car lease involves the employer, employee and the car leasing company. Many popular cars leasing company like the Toyota is also involved in the business of such companies. The payment for the leased car is being made by the employer and the amount of lease is deducted from the income tax of the employee (Bannister 2013). The government of the country has also made several laws regarding the use o novated cars. The South Australian Government has made a deed of novation in which the employer makes a deduction from the salary of the employee. The amount is transferred to a separate account from where the claims and fees are deducted (Crisan and Mihaila 2014). The employer of the company also gets certain benefits because of this service. They are able to get some discounts on income tax. The car lease service also allows the employee to choose from a wide range of cars (Birdsall 2016). The car remains with the employee and can be transferred to other employee. The employer also has some benefits in this case. This procedure helps to increase the effective income of the employee without incurring an extra cost and also helps to maintain the fleet of vehicle for the company (Davis 2016). The leased car is also used for personal purposes. The companies like Fincar allow personal car leasing. The car leasing practices allows the people to use the car at a much lower price. The companies also have adopted the modern technologies to attract the customers. The company like Maxxia has developed app to ease the process of car leasing (maxxia.com.au 2016). Research gap: The research has been carried out by taking data of only one year. The research work could have been better if the previous year figure had been considered. A comparison with the previous years figures would reveal the change of the business in the country over the years. Research question: The research work involves many research questions. The main research question for this research work is given below: What is the present situation of the country for car leasing business? How many people of the country use this particular service? How many companies are there running this business? What is the number of people employed in this particular industry? Variables and hypotheses: The research involves many variables. The variables can be independent and dependent. The main variables involved in this study are the number of small and big companies running this particular business, the number of people involved in this business, the price of leasing the cars, the yearly earnings from this business. The variables like number of companies operating the business, number of people employed, price of leasing cars depends on the revenue generated from the business. The revenue generated from the business is taken as the dependent variable and the other three variables as the main independent variables for this research work. The hypotheses concerned in this research process are: H0: The car leasing business has not shown any changes over the last few decades. H1: The car leasing business has changed in the country Australia over the last few decades. Operational definition and measurements: The variables concerned in this research work are the number of people involved in this business, number of companies. The revenue generated from this research is measured in dollars. The figures are considered for the whole country. Therefore, there would some error in the values of the observation. An error of 5% in the values would be tolerated for carrying out this research. Research design and methodology: The research approach that would be used for this research process would be both qualitative and quantitative. The researcher will use positivism research philosophy for this research. The positivism research philosophy supports collection of data and making inferences from those collected datasets (Neuman and Robson 2012). The research approach that is to be used for carrying out this research would be deductive research approach. The availability of huge amount of data generally supports deductive research approach (Creswell 2013). Instrumentation/Sampling: The data collection for this research would be performed by the method of sampling. The data is to be obtained on the variables like the number of car leasing companies in the country, the number of people employed in this particular sector, the opinion of the people about the services provided, the amount charged for the service and others. The data would be of both primary as well as secondary type of data. The primary data would be collected with the help of questionnaire. The questionnaire would contain questions about the purpose of using the car services, the companies the customers prefer most, the opinion of the people about the car services and others. The sample has to be taken by covering the whole country. An effective sampling method like the cluster sampling can be used for this purpose. The different states of the country can be taken as the clusters. The primary data is to be collected from these clusters. The secondary data about the earnings of the company, number o f people employed in the company is obtainable from the companys website. Data analysis: The data so obtained will be analyzed with the help of different descriptive statistics methods. The descriptive statistics measures such as mean, median values can be calculated for the variables like the opinion of the people. A regression analysis can also be done by taking revenue generated as the dependent variable and other variables such as number of companies, number of people employed as the dependent variables. Expected outcome: It is expected that the null hypothesis of the test would be rejected. The rejection of null hypothesis will imply that the car leasing business in the country of Australia has changed. A comparison between the descriptive statistics values for the previous years and the past years will indicate the change in the business. Contribution of the research: The variables that are used in this research are number of customers, number of car leasing companies, employment in those companies and others. All these factors considered in the research have helped to understand the present situation of the business. The regression used in this research has helped in understanding the factors affecting the business. Conclusion: The study gives an idea about the car lease business running in the country Australia. The assignment gives a detailed idea about the data collection methods and the analysis of the data. The possible interpretation of the results of the analysis and the expected outcomes of this research are also discussed in this assignment. The assignment will help to understand the condition of the car leasing business in the country Australia. The assignment will also help the concerned authorities to take a deeper look into the matter and take necessary steps to improve the condition of car leasing business. Gantt chart: Week 6 Week 10 Week 14 Literature review Data collection and analysis Final business thesis( capstone) due Figure: Gantt chart (Source: Created by author) References: Baker, D. and Donnet, T., 2012. Regional and remote airports under stress in Australia.Research in Transportation Business Management,4, pp.37-43. Bannister, P., 2013. Greening your vehicle fleet.Keeping Good Companies,65(3), p.176. Birdsall, M., 2016. Innovation in the Membership Space: How the Royal Automobile Club of Victoria Diversified Services to Meet Changing Member Needs.Institute of Transportation Engineers. ITE Journal,86(2), p.31. Creswell, J.W., 2013.Research design: Qualitative, quantitative, and mixed methods approaches. Sage publications. Crisan, E. and Mihaila, A., 2014. Business Models Used By Fleet Management Service Providers.Managerial Challenges of the Contemporary Society. Proceedings,7(1), p.84. Davis, T., 2016. Revolution on wheels: Will Australia be participant or spectator?.Griffith Review, (52), p.179. Featherstone, T., 2016. In sync: Driving innovation.Company Director,32(5), p.16. Johns, P., 2013. On Your. Neuman, W.L. and Robson, K., 2012. Basics of social research: Qualitative and quantitative approaches. Philipson, G. and Sansom, M., 2015. Driving change: Fleet management.Government News,35(5), p.12. www.leaseplan.com.au, 2016. LeasePlan. [online] Leaseplan.com.au. Available at: https://www.leaseplan.com.au/ [Accessed 30 Sep. 2016]. www.maxxia.com.au, 2016. Car Leasing Australia - Leasing Vehicles for 21 years | Maxxia. [online] Maxxia.com.au. Available at: https://www.maxxia.com.au/ [Accessed 30 Sep. 2016].

Leadership and Management in Nursing free essay sample

Nursing is a very demanding and dedicated profession and the current shortage is a serious problem at all levels of nursing and is the dearth of leaders among nurses. Leadership and management are essential skills for all qualified healthcare professionals and have a pivotal role in ensuring a delivery of high standards of care. Developing future nurse leaders is one of the greatest challenges faced by the nursing profession, (Mahoney, 2001). The author is currently working as a midwife in one of the big hospitals in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. The average deliveries per month are 500-600. There are 22 midwives in this unit and there are eight vacant posts for midwives . Due to the shortage of midwives, these professional staffs are subjected to personal and work related stress. Preston et, al. (1981) defined stress as an adaptive response, mediated by individual characteristics or psychological processes. The negative effects of stress could be evident in staff absenteeism, hostility, and aggression. We will write a custom essay sample on Leadership and Management in Nursing or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page This will impair the provision of quality care and the effective functioning of the organization. (Healy amp; McKay, 1999). The adverse effect of workload and stress in the author’s placement has lead to an alarming high staff turnover. Apparently, the increased workload has affected the staff performances and the quality of nursing care. When the staff feel that they are not cared for, then they find it difficult to care for patients ( Atwater amp; Bass 1994, Lancaster 1999). In this assignment, the author will explore the various leadership styles and their theories and also distinguish the functions between leadership and management. The author will also critically explore the manager’s leadership practice in labor and delivery suite, thus creating a culture of reducing stress. The link of leadership style from the aspect of work, environment, communication, empowerment, delegation, implications, conclusion and recommendations will be discussed further. Leaders are not someone who holds top position but also able to give assistance to others, (Mahoney, 2001). Whereas in my placement, the head nurse, who is the leader, never gives a helping hand during the deliveries. She anticipates the midwives to conduct and manage the deliveries, even though there’s shortage of staff. The nurse manager has to prepare the correct number of staff on each shift with the credentials to do the job and must be aware of the policies regarding overtime, floating from one unit to another. She must form a competent team and manage them to carry out the plan for reaching the goal of excellent patient care. Effective leaders are not merely someone who is skillful but they must acquire good attitudes, (Cook, 2001). The nurse manager must understand the factors surrounding the current situation in the unit and have the knowledge of various approaches to leadership that will help to understand and determine the best leadership approach to create a positive work environment to reduce stress. Leadership is defined as the ability to influence, inspire and motivate a group of people towards the achievement of its goal, (Yuki, 2002). Management is a process of getting things done effectively through planning and organization of services which is one of the basic function of management whereas the leader is an intermediary between work group and the top management, (Marquis and Huston, 2006). The manager uses a formal and rational method whilst the leader uses passions and stirs emotions. Without enabling and empowering nursing leadership, efforts to improve the quality and safety of healthcare will be limited and short-lived, as said by Kelly (2008). For a leader to achieve the goal, she must have the three essential things which are power, authority and influence to act in a way that will stimulate a positive respond from the staff (Tomey, 2009). Leaders will emerge when nurses feel valued and inspired to strive for excellence. They aim to improve patient care via a cohesive work force by focusing on interpersonal relationships between leaders and subordinates, (Malby 1997). A nursing leader should have a distinctive set of personal qualities, integrity, courage, initiative, ability to handle stress, think critically, able to resolve problems without conflicts, skillful communication and must be empathetic. They are not those who control others but they act as visionaries who help staff to plan, lead, control and organize their activities, (Jooste,2004). There are many types of leadership. Autocratic type of leaders are those who make all decisions and expect others to follow without questioning and never seek advice from others, (Sullivan amp; Decker 2005). This situation had made some of the midwives to leave for greener pastures. The current health system has advanced in technology and improved in care giving services (Cook, 2001). The author feels that this leadership style is no longer tenable and fits into the contemporary nursing practice and a consumer responsive culture. Democratic leaders encourage the participant of staff and use a consensus for decision making, (Sullivan amp; Decker 2005) whereas bureaucratic leadership occurs when a leader rigidly adheres to rules, regulations and policies of the organization, (Jenkins and Henderson, 1984). Instead of providing sufficient support and consideration, my nurse manager demonstrates these leadership qualities because she uses rules and policies thus expecting strict compliance from the midwives. . By following the organizational hierarchy’s influence, she puts herself in a high position but never use her power constructively (Masquis amp; Huston, 2006). Due to top management instructions, she adheres to the current policies, making no changes in them but gives verbal instruction and changing policies to her likes and dislikes. This swifts away trust and open communications between the manager and the midwives. Due to unvented stress and high expectations from the nurse manager, the midwives burnout level have been exacerbated . Burnout is a syndrome of emotional exhaustion, depersonalization and lack of personal accomplishment, as said by Maslach amp;Jackson (1981). Reports have proved that in this kind of environment, patient’s safety is at risk (Institute of Medicine, 2004). Participative leadership allows staff to participate in decision making and actively seek out the participation of those involved. This type of leadership allows staff to feel more committed to the goals they were involved (Faugier amp; Woolnough, 2002). The author feels that the head nurse should have these qualities so that the unit will run smoothly, and the staff will be appreciated and acknowledged so that good nursing care can be rendered. Transformational leadership is especially well suited for today’s fast changing healthcare environment where adaptation is extremely important (Welford,2002). It starts with the development of a vision that will excite and convert potential followers, (Outhwaite, 2003). To achieve organizational success, this style advocates for strong leadership qualities and these leaders use motivation in their approach than use rewards and punishment as said by Kouzes amp; Posner (2002). In the author’s point of view, this leadership is proposed as empowering leadership style which well suits in my unit and to be recognized by the nurse manager. According to Bowles amp; Bowels (2002), transformational leaders create a leadership culture for all team members nurturing empowerment, increase their autonomy and open communication for inclusive decision making. The nurse manager takes responsibilities for discussing care related matters with the midwives which makes them to be motivated and work more effectively to contribute to the development and provision of the unit, (Murphy. 2005). The ability of the leader to articulate a shared vision is an important aspect of transformational leadership (Faugier amp; Woolnough, 2002). Another leadership style is transactional leadership which focuses on providing day to day care between leaders and their employee. It aims to maintain equilibrium and harmony by using incentives to enhance staff loyalty and performance (Bass and Riggio, 2006). Laissez faire leadership is another style that leaves the staff alone to work with no directions or facilitations and is a highly risky form of leadership, (Sullivan amp; Decker 2005). Since the author’s placement is labor and delivery, it’s not advisable to have this kind of leader in this unit as it will increase the mortality rate. The high level of burnout and increased workload due to shortage of midwives and less rest days has resulted them to leave. This disequilibrium may trigger the risk of physical and mental health of these midwives. The manager has depleted the nurses basic psychological needs which are rest and sleep and at the same time reducing their self- esteem, as said in Maslow’s theory of human motivation. The leader should explore barriers and identify conflicts when they arise and collaborate with the team and be able to understand the employee’s perspective (Outhwaite,2003). A more effective form of leadership maybe situational leadership where the leader switches the style depending upon the situation at hand and upon the competence of the staff, (Faugier amp; Woolnough, 2002). The nurse manager must be good clinician and have judgment skills to handle any problem that cannot be handled by the staff. By doing so, the staff will listen to her as she guides them. Communication also plays a vital role as this can prevent conflict and smoothes the progress of team building in the unit Calpin-Davies, (2000). A good communicator gives the staff detailed instructions to perform tasks that are necessary to reach the goal. The nurse manager uses a communication book to provide important information to all the staff in the unit, as supported by Sullivan amp; Decker (2005). By reading and acknowledging with a signature, she assures the message has been reached effectively. As a leader, the nurse manager has to be a good listener. It provides the opportunity to receive valuable feedback that is used to avert some problems and resolve others and also giving greater understanding of the issues being discussed. When there are incidences in the unit, the nurse manager gives a listening ear to the staff and tries to solve the problems. She puts aside preconceived ideas or prejudices when listening to staff. Being a leader, the nurse manager delegates some of the tasks to the staff to focus on more complex aspects of running the unit. She delegates the right task to the right person, for example sending and collecting of narcotics by the midwife as these drugs used are cautioned in Saudi Arabia. A good leader fosters a congenial work environment by coaching, praising and training the staff to perform an excellent job and also by conducting continuous nursing education. Supervision goes in the observation of staff and to evaluate in the yearly performance appraisal. The author would recommend that the nurse manager in this unit has to change her leadership style to She should resources for proper quality care Conclusion Today, healthcare environment requires leaders to be skillful and knowledgeable and have strong inspirational leadership qualities across the health care organization. In this millennium, nursing must make a dedicated effort to nurture its young nurses to grow into effective and motivating leaders.

Hurricane Names List for 2014

Hurricane Names List for 2014 Below you will find the listing of hurricane names for the Atlantic Ocean for the year 2014. For every year, there is a pre-approved list of tropical storm and hurricane names. These lists have been generated by the National Hurricane Center since 1953. At first, the lists consisted of only female names; however, since 1979, the lists alternate between male and female. Hurricane Naming Conventions Hurricanes are named alphabetically from the list in chronological order. Thus the first tropical storm or hurricane of the year has a name that begins with A and the second is given the name that begins with B. The lists contain hurricane names that begin from A to W, but exclude names that begin with a Q or U. There are six lists that continue to rotate. The lists only change when there is a hurricane that is so devastating, the name is retired and another hurricane name replaces it. The 2014 hurricane name list is the same as the 2008 hurricane name list with the exception of three names that were devastating hurricanes in 2008 and thus retired. Gustav was replaced by Gonzalo, Ike was replaced by Isaias, and Paloma was replaced by Paulette. 2014 Hurricane Names ArthurBerthaCristobalDollyEdouardFayGonzaloHannaIsaiasJosephineKyleLauraMarcoNanaOmarPauletteReneSallyTeddyVickyWilfred

How Much Is College Tuition Average Costs

How Much Is College Tuition Average Costs SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips Tuition is one of the biggest (if not the biggest) costs associated with attending college. Because of this, it’s important to know exactly how much of your money will be going towards this expense. In this article, I’ll explain exactly what’s included in this â€Å"tuition† line item on your college bill. Then, I’ll get into some of the nitty-gritty details, like: What isn’t included with tuition Average college tuition cost and the wide range of possible tuition prices Ways to pay less for college tuition Read on to learn more! What's the Average College Tuition Cost? So, tuition prices vary from school to school. Sometimes tuition prices will even vary within a certain school depending on your program or state residency. With that being said, here are average college tuition fee prices (2014-2015): $31,231 at private colleges $9,139 for state residents at public colleges $22,958 for non-state residents at public colleges As you can see, there’s a lot of variation in the prices of tuition based on the type of school you attend. These average amounts are helpful of course - they tell you what typical costs to expect - but we can also look at extreme prices at both ends of the spectrum. The Cheapest College Tuition Prices Some schools offer tuition prices that are significantly lower than the averages listed above. Schools that offer such low prices usually fall into one of two categories: They’re public schools that receive large subsidies from local governments so that they can charge students less They’re private schools that have made it their mission to offer low-cost educations The lowest tuition price I could find was $660 per semester at Dine College, in Arizona. There are many other schools that are very inexpensive, however. The average cost of attendance on this list of low-cost schools came to only $6,077 per year. The Most Expensive College Tuition Prices Some schools offer tuition prices that are, frankly, intimidatingly expensive. Schools that come with such a hefty sticker price generally fit one or more of the following criteria: They’re private schools, which means that tuition is not subsidized by any local or state governments. They’re elite, competitive schools with high operating costs. They'resmall liberal arts colleges. The highest tuition price I could find was $52,320 per year at Vassar College, in New York. There are a lot of other schools that are close to this price range, though. This list of the most expensive colleges in the US might give you a better idea of how common it is to charge such high prices. One caveat about these high prices, however: the same schools that charge so much for tuition often offer some really generous financial aid. Just because a college or university has a very high sticker price (also known as Cost of Attendance) doesn’t mean that students actually pay the full sticker price. The more financial aid a student gets, the lower her Net Price, which is the amount she actually has to pay to attend a school. The Net Price includes all expenses - not just tuition - but it’s an important number to consider because it’s more relevant when it comes to your budgeting concerns. What Does College TuitionInclude? Most of the time, when people say â€Å"tuition† they really mean â€Å"tuition and fees† - these costs are generally lumped together into one sum. So what does tuition money actually pay for? Well, tuition is considered the core of your college bill. It’s the fee that you pay for taking academic courses, and it may be calculated per semester (i.e. a flat rate) or per credit. Your tuition helps cover things like instructor pay, facility maintenance, and administrative costs. The â€Å"fees† that are usually lumped in with tuition may vary from school to school. Fees are generally pretty small when compared to the cost of tuition alone. They’re billed to students in order to cover extra services that are required to run a functioning school. Some common fees include: Lab fees - cover extra equipment and supplies required for lab courses Library fees - cover expenses associated with library resources and materials, which can be quite expensive Registration fees - help cover administrative expenses associated with enrolling and registering students each semester Student organization, activity, or services fees- used to support different student organizations, clubs, sports, activities, or even visiting academics Technology fees - used to cover expenses associated with providing technological equipment, programs, and support on campus Parking fees - common at schools where students commute, they help to cover maintenance of parking areas Health fees - cover health and counseling services provided to students Sometimes, students feel that they should not have to pay for particular fees if they know they won’t take advantage of certain services or resources. As unfair as that may seem, schools tend to make most fees mandatory for all students - if they didn’t, they wouldn’t be able to properly budget for those expenses. That being said, it couldn’t hurt to talk to the student billing office if you don’t think you should pay for a particular fee (i.e. if you’re charged a parking fee but you don’t drive to school). Fees: Annoying add-ons that cover pretty important services (like the library that you need to do well in your classes.) Tuition and Fees: Reals Here, I'll go through a couple of examples of tuition and fee breakdowns at real schools. This way, you'll be able to see exactly where students' money is going. Example #1: Arizona State University College of Liberal Arts Sciences, Full-Time In-StateStudent An in-state college student at ASU would be responsible for the following tuition and fees before any financial aid funds were applied: Description Annual Amount Resident Tuition $9,484 Resident Surcharge $320 Financial Aid Trust Fee $94 Recreation Fee $50 Technology Fee $100 Student Programs Fee $50 Health and Wellness Fee $80 Student Service Facility Fee $150 Student Athletics Fee $150 Total Tuition and Fees $10,478 As you can see, the bulk of the annual cost goes towards tuition. The total fee amount comes to $994. Keep in mind that these expenses don't include things like room, board, and transportation. Example #2: Boston University Full-Time Student Boston University doesn't supply quite as detailed of a breakdown when it comes to tuition and fee costs. Here's what a full-time student would be responsible for at BU before any financial aid was applied: Description Annual Amount Tuition $47,422 Fees $1,014 Total Tuition and Fees $48,436 A lot more expensive than ASU, right?The major difference here is that ASU is a public school whereas BU is private. To learn more about why these sticker prices are so high, read our guide explaining why college has gotten so expensive. Although BU might come with a pretty high sticker price, that doesn't mean the average student pays $48,436 every year for tuition and fees. At schools like BU, students' average Net Price (what studentsactually pay) tends to be much lower. For more info on sticker price versus Net Price, check out our guide to college costs. WhatIsn't Included With Tuition? Tuition is a big part of your college expenses, but it isn’t the only part. Depending on where you decide to go to school, you could have to budget for some other significant costs. The most important expenses not included with tuition include: Room - This covers rent or housing, whether you’re living on-campus or off (this is usually combined with board if you live on-campus). Board - Board amounts to your food expenses, either in the form of a meal plan (if you eat on-campus) or grocery/restaurant bills if you buy your own food. Transportation - This includes the costs associated with traveling back and forth from campus. Transportation may just be daily travel (if you commute to school), but it also may include transport to and from campus for holidays and breaks. Textbooks - Textbooks are notoriously expensive - you’re responsible for getting your hands on these required materials for your classes each semester. Personal expenses - Presumably, you’ll spend some money on yourself each semester. Personal expenses include things like hygiene items, laundry, clothing, and entertainment. These costs vary pretty widely depending on a lot of factors, including the type of school you go to (public versus private), where you go to school (in-state versus out-of-state), and your own personal choices (e.g. living at home versus living on campus). To get more information about what these expenses come to, and what you can do to minimize them, check out our complete guide to college costs. How Do You Pay Less for Tuition? These tuition prices might have you a little freaked out at the moment, but don’t panic yet! Published tuition prices aren’t necessarily what students actually pay to attend a school - like I mentioned; your Net Price is more important than the published sticker prices. There aren't any fire sales or flash discounts when it comes to college tuition, but there are ways to save money. So how canyou pay less for tuition and get your Net Price down to a reasonable amount? Here are your options: Go to a School With Cheap Tuition Costs This is perhaps the most obvious strategy - you can get your tuition costs down by applying to schools where tuition is already low. It’s easy to get information about a school’s tuition cost- itshould be outlined on every school'sfinancial aid or admissions website. You can start looking for inexpensive schools by checking out this list of the least expensive schools in the US. Before you get started, however; you should be prepared for the drawbacks that come with this strategy.There isn't necessarily great selection when it comes to schools with cheap tuition rates - you might only find public schools that offer lower prices for residents or schools that aren't particularly prestigious. Apply for Financial Aid Financial aid can bring down your costs no matter where you end up -if you submit the right application, that is. Anyone can apply for federal student aid with the FAFSA, the applicationfor the biggest source of student financial aid in the US. Many colleges and universities use the FAFSA to award their own financial aid funds. For more information, check out our step-by-step guide to applying for financial aid. Attend an In-State Public School Most of the time, public schools offer subsidized tuition at very good prices to in-state residents. These prices tend to be much less expensive than prices offered to out-of-state residents. If you’re interested in any schools close to home, you may be able to save even more money on room and board by living with family instead of payingexpensive rent costs. Attend a School With a Generous Financial Aid Program I’ve already mentioned that some of the most expensive schools in the country also offer some of the most generousfinancial aid in the country. If your grades and test scores are competitive, and you’re accepted to a school that offers strong aid, much (if not all) of your financial need may be covered by the school itself. You should check out schools that cover 100% of financial need and schools that have the best overall financial aid programs. Come across a school that you're interested in? You can instantly estimate your chances of admission. Just google â€Å"PrepScholar [school name] admissions† to visit our interactive admissions page. What's Next? You've just processed a lot of information about tuition costs and how to lower them. If you want even more strategies for decreasing your costs, keep reading! Scholarships are a great way to get funding for tuition, fees, room, board, textbooks, anything you use for college, really. To get your hands on scholarship money, check out our guides to top scholarships for high school juniors and seniors.You might also be interested in top minority scholarships available to high school students. Don't have a lot of time on your hands? Submit these very easy scholarship applications. Want to improve your SAT score by 160 points or your ACT score by 4 points?We've written a guide for each test about the top 5 strategies you must be using to have a shot at improving your score. Download it for free now:

Globalization Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words - 5

Globalization - Essay Example This business expansion facilitates exchange of technology and expertise so that developing economies can build upon the existing knowledge base. The business expansion creates new business opportunities through economies of scale so that the prices are reduced. This means that economies have more resources to spare in investing in living standards. Critical evaluation Globalization has enabled economies like China and India to join the world economy. By joining the World Trade Organization (WTO), the Chinese government has been able to attract massive amounts of foreign direct investments in its economy. Such success would not have been possible without infrastructure development. Because China has improved infrastructure, companies from the developed economies have established operations in the country. Given China’s massive population, foreign companies can access a very large market which leads to economies of scale. Another advantage of operating in China is that the labo ur costs are low, so that companies can reduce production costs to a significant extent. This enables them to offer goods and services at significantly lower prices in all parts of the world. This is the international trade which has been facilitated through the process of globalization. The process of globalization has been aided by technological developments. The emergence of the Internet has enabled businesses to coordinate their international operations to a greater extent. The enhanced coordination has also led to cost streamlining. Therefore multinational organizations have been able to create new business opportunities and capitalize upon them to the fullest extent. By creating additional business opportunities, the companies have been able to reduce the competitive threats in their respective industries. According to Porter’s five forces analysis, the competitive threat in an industry is defined by the threat of new entrants, the threat of substitute products, bargain ing powers of customers and suppliers and finally, the threat of existing competition (Scholte, 2005). Globalization affects all five forces. The threat of new entrants has been reduced since companies no longer have to be limited to the domestic markets. The threat of substitute products has been reduced because globalization enables companies to offer products and services in markets which previously did not have them. The bargaining power of customers is less of a threat because companies can achieve economies of scale more quickly, so that loss of customers from high prices does not affect profitability. Bargaining power of suppliers is also reduced as multinational companies can offer a lot of business opportunities to the supply chain management companies so that they are willing to offer lower prices. The threat of existing competition is reduced because there are international markets which offer additional demand. This means that for multinational companies, the competition has decreased. However for domestic companies, globalization has increased competition. For example, the domestic companies in developing economies are facing increased competition as multinational companies are entering their markets through globalization. Therefore, while multinational companies are creating new business opportunities through globaliz

Research methods for managers Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Research methods for managers - Essay Example tive philosophy, business management in social world is so complex that faces several difficulties while formulating laws and theories like in natural science. Moreover, the philosophy represents the meaning and truth of simple facts for every situation. In order to justify the application of research philosophies, the research topic which has been selected for the purpose of the study is â€Å"Motivation of knowledge workers in the financial service industry in Japan†. In this research topic, both positivism and interpretivism as the research philosophies can be applied as the topic covers the motivation factor and knowledge level of employees. The application of both philosophies is described below. Positivism philosophy is a typical philosophy that analyzes and evaluates the result of a task or an input by the implementation of few statistical methods. The motivation level of knowledge employees in Japanese financial sector is increasing. To overview the study, positivism philosophy can be implemented. The companies are paying the extra monitory incentives to the knowledge employees after achieving their monthly, quarterly or yearly targets in order to motivate them. Several scientific and statistical methods are being implemented in order to increase business performance in the company. The strategy of incentives is creating threat for the typical Japanese businesses. Moreover, the economic changes affect the business performances of the financial companies. Increasing costs of required software, computer hardware and telecommunication equipments are driving the financial service companies to implement more aggressive business strategies. Several statistical methods in positi vism philosophy can be implemented to identify the natural factors that impact business (Burns & Burns, 2008, p.17). The philosophy reflects the critical thinking of positivism philosophy (Daymon & Holloway, 2010, p.71). In order to study the motivation of knowledge worker in the Japanese

The important issue of war is Dulce et Decorum Est by Wilfred Owen Essay Example for Free

The important issue of war is Dulce et Decorum Est by Wilfred Owen Essay Choose a poem which deals with an important issue such as war poverty or racism. Explain how the poet deepens out understanding of the issue by the choice of content and the skilful use of poetic techniques. A poem which deals with the important issue of war is â€Å"Dulce et Decorum Est† by Wilfred Owen. The poet first went to the war on 30th of December 1916. He had already completed his military training and sailed for France. Nothing had fully prepared Owen for the shock and suffering of his front line experience. I have said that he went to the war, because if we know this, we would understand better why this poem seems so real as it reflects the brutal reality and the atmosphere of wars. In the first stanza, Owen gives a vicious and desperate image of war. He conveys this by describing the dreadful conditions of soldiers at war and sets a weary tone: â€Å"Bent double, like old beggars under sacks, Knock-kneed, coughing like hags, we cursed through sludge† This horrendous description of the soldiers makes us feel almost pitiful towards the. The word â€Å"beggars† has connotations of desperation and lack of dignity suggesting that the soldiers are stark contrast to the brave valiant image of soldiers that we have. These soldiers are forgotten and are almost like outcasts of society and this is described here. The poet uses similes such as â€Å"coughing like hags† to emphasise their pitiful and unwell state. The use of â€Å"cursed† as a verb here suggests that they are worn down from the constant battle and they are regretting being there. This helps us to understand the issue of war by highlighting the appalling conditions of soldiers at war. The reader is given a very fatigued and desperate image of the soldiers. Owen uses enjambment to emphasise the weariness of the soldiers: â€Å"All went lame; all blind; Drunk with fatigue; deaf even to the hoots Of tired, outstripped Five-Nines that dropped behind† Owen shows how these mens senses had been numbed by the ghastly occurrences in the trenches and how these numbed senses cause the men to not realise they are under attack until it is almost too late. He uses metaphors to emphasise how tired they are and they cannot even hear the shells which is surprising as we would expect the bombs to be fairly loud. He uses the transferred epithet of â€Å"tired, outstripped Five-Nines† to show how the war is so draining and everyone is tired of the war. The images in this sentence help us to understand the feeling of being at war and show the arduous environment of the soldiers. In the next stanza there is as rapid change from the tired tone of the first stanza to one of panic. Owen uses minor sentences to change the pace: â€Å"Gas! Gas! Quick, boys – An ecstasy of fumbling Fitting the clumsy helmets just in time† Suddenly every one springs to life and the scene is chaotic. Owen emphasises this by using the minor sentences in succession giving a dramatic change of atmosphere. A sense of immediacy and urgency is evident here and the transferred epithet of â€Å"clumsy helmets† shows that in the sudden rush even the helmets seem clumsy. Furthermore, there is a change in rhythm from the iambic pentameter of the first stanza into one of chaos almost symbolising the atmosphere of the trench. Our understanding of the urgency of war is deepened here and the reader is given insight into how risky the soldiers lives are. The poet uses imagery to illustrate his memories. The man being choked to death by the gas is almost in slow motion as the event happen: â€Å"But someone still was yelling out and stumbling As under a green sea, I saw him drowning.† This whole sequence of events is described by Owen in great detail showing that the images of the man’s pain seem fresh in Owen’s mind showing and that they have emotionally scarred him and he will never be able to forget seeing this soldier dying. The word â€Å"someone† shows the anonymity of the soldiers and emphasises how many soldiers are simply forgotten. â€Å"But† shows that not everyone was able to fit their helmet in time and the soldier was too late and is seen only through the green sea of mustard gas, yelling stumblingdrowninggutteringchoking. The word order of â€Å"someone still was† is changed to highlight the chaos of the situation. The reader is shown how horrendous deaths in the war can be and how scarring the effect of seeing someone’s slow death can be on a person. The third stanza is written in present tense to show the effect that the soldiers death has had on Owen. The stanza almost has a nightmarish quality: â€Å"In all my dreams before my helpless sight, He plunges at me, guttering, choking, drowning.† From â€Å"all† it is clear that Owen has a recurring nightmare of the man’s death and his seeing his last moments has traumatized him. The poet shows that he was â€Å"helpless† despite the soldier’s pleas for help. The transferred epithet of â€Å"helpless sight† shows that Owen could merely witness the man’s death and was powerless in stopping the gas. The listed verbs are associated with a lack of air and death and the hard consonants almost embody the man’s dying moments. The final stanza is addressed to the advocates of war. Owen describes the horrific image of the man’s body and addresses the reader directly: â€Å"Behind the wagon that we flung him in. And watch the white eyes writhing in his face† The poet is almost asking the reader to be empathetic towards the soldiers in this sentence. The word â€Å"flung† shows a lack of care and respect and emphasises the anonymity of the soldier. The language used in the sections depicting the gas attack is strong, representing both the suffering of the victims of the gas attack as well as the effect on those haunted by what they have seen. The repetition of the word face makes it clear which part disturbs the poet most. The use of alliteration on the w sound reflects the agonised twisting of the gas victim. The poet also makes it clear how it is unfair on these young boys and how they are â€Å"innocent†. Owen highlights the severity and lasting effect of war and violence on the soldiers and this helps the reader to understand what happens at war and the effect of war. Owen ends the poem with a Latin expression taken from the odes of the roman poet Horace: â€Å"To children ardent for some desperate glory The old lie: Dulce et decorum est Pro patria mori.† The fact that the war recruits are only â€Å"children† makes the reader question the justification of sending people to war. The poet is saying that the men only go into war to be war heroes, yet, they are forgotten and forced through horrendous conditions. Throughout the poem there has been around ten syllables per line and the last line has only six and I think that the missed beats give the reader time to think about the poem as a whole. The Latin used at the end of the poem means It is sweet and honourable to die for your country, a concept Owen is strongly denying throughout the poem. â€Å"Dulce et Decorum Est† is a poem which gives a very insightful and realistic view of war. I think that Wilfred Owen did not use the full phrase â€Å"Dulce et decorum est Pro patria mori† in order to allow the reader to decide for oneself whether they agreed or disagreed with him in the end.

American Needs a Medical School Application Loan Program Essay

American Needs a Medical School Application Loan Program For more than a year, a large part of my time has been spent applying to medical schools. I have dedicated much energy to prepare for and take the Medical College Admissions Test (MCAT), obtain multiple letters of recommendation from my professors, interview for a health professions committee letter of recommendation from my university, complete and submit the applications, and interview at various medical schools. Although this process proved to be a positive experience, the extraordinary cost of applying to medical schools poses a danger of limiting individuals with limited financial resources. Moreover, the lack of scholarship or loan programs to assist students with the application process further contributes to this danger. One of the first hurdles of applying to medical school is the MCAT. Although many students prepare for this exam on their own, a large portion of students choose to take preparatory classes offered by various private test preparation companies. These courses, which often cost in excess of $1000, teach students not only the basic concepts covered on the MCAT, but also helpful test-taking techniques unique to the MCAT. Thus, these preparatory classes may provide students with helpful advice and knowledge unavailable to those who cannot afford the classes. I attribute much of my success on the MCAT to these helpful hints; furthermore, many of my fellow pre-medical colleagues, who were unable to take the preparatory classes because of financial constraints, scored poorly on the exam. Hence, I believe MCAT preparation courses significantly increase one's probability of performing well on the MCAT, and, since these courses are out of reach for many... ...expenses should not impede a student's desire to apply to medical school and achieve his or her goal of becoming a physician. Although AMCAS and some medical schools have attempted to alleviate this problem by providing fee waivers or reductions, these efforts fall short of solving the problem of financial impedance to medical applicants. Many students from moderate income families cannot receive these fee waivers; moreover, their families cannot provide the $2000 to $3000 necessary to apply to medical school. Thus, I believe that the Department of Education, in conjunction with private loan companies, should provide low interest, medical school application loan programs. Through these loan programs, qualified students who lack necessary application funds, may rightfully apply to medical schools without facing the exuberant and potentially limiting application fees.

The Challenge Of Defining Media And Technology In Teaching

Media has many definitions runing from â€Å" a peculiar signifier of communicating † as in â€Å" print versus picture † to â€Å" the industry that provides intelligence and amusement † as in â€Å" the media. † For the intents of this Literature Review media is defined as â€Å" all agencies of communicating, whatever its format † ( Reid, 1994, p. 51 ) . In this sense, media include symbol systems every bit diverse as print, artworks, life, sound, and gesture images. Similarly, engineering has many definitions runing from â€Å" the application of the scientific method to work out jobs as in ‘the engineering of infinite geographic expedition ‘ † to â€Å" the things or procedures which embody cognition or trade within a civilization as in ‘the engineering of composing ‘ . † Within this study, engineering is defined as â€Å" any object or procedure of human beginning that can be used to convey media. † In this sense, engineering includes phenomena every bit diverse as books, movies, telecasting, and the Internet. With regard to instruction, media are the symbol systems that instructors and pupils use to stand for cognition ; engineerings are the tools that allow them to portion their cognition representations with others. The confounding of media ( a symbol system ) with engineering ( a bringing system for media ) is improbable to travel off in popular discourse about instruction any clip shortly, but the differentiation between media and engineering must be clarified every bit unequivocally as possible if their impact is to be understood. The undermentioned quotation mark from the Sixth Edition of the Encyclopedia of Educational Research ( Alkin, 1992 ) clarifies this differentiation: Computer-based engineerings can non be regarded as â€Å" media, † because the assortment of plans, tools, and devices that can be used with them is neither limited to a peculiar symbol system, nor to a peculiar category of activities†¦ †¦ In this visible radiation, â€Å" the computing machine † is in fact a â€Å" many-sided innovation † of many utilizations, a symbolic tool for doing, researching, and believing in assorted spheres. It is used to stand for and pull strings symbol systems – linguistic communication, mathematics, music – and to make symbolic merchandises – verse forms, mathematical cogent evidence, composings. ( Salomon, 1992, p. 892 ) Salomon ‘s ( 1992 ) of import differentiations between media as symbol systems and engineerings as tools or vehicles for sharing media will be used throughout this paper Research shows that pupils learn more when they are able to interact with their instructors and their schoolmates and schoolroom engineering as stated by AACC Cerkovnik would assist to better the talks. Online tutorials, picture based categories. Smart classrooms cost between $ 19,000- $ 25,000. Training and aid would be needed to guarantee that this is a success though. Community College Journal Oct/Nov 2008 Before undertaking undertakings, pedagogues should 1 ) feel comfy utilizing engineering to learn, 2 ) understand the significance of civilization and the most effectual and appropriate ways to analyze it, and 3 ) employ didactically sound schemes for steering pupils in project-based acquisition experiences and easing coaction with instructors and pupils in international schoolrooms done through the whole procedure of making an on-line coaction. On-line instruction can ease, instructors can brainstorm collaborate portion success narratives and job solve and exchange thoughts and engage in Teacher Mentoring. Teacher mentoring is realized through the development of a personal relationship between new instructors and other professionals to add value to instruction. In our Caribbean Society we may happen that this is non frequently possible so instructors normally have to come up with originative solutions toward learning pupils and promoting larning while besides taking on the other duties that go along with the learning profession. The traditional schoolroom is expected to include a Television, DVD, a camera and a projector. A touch screen interfaces that individuals could utilize a touch screen so that they are able synergistic show of information and synergistic whiteboards to utilize in the schools. Even traveling online can increase a individual ‘s use of synergistic online larning environment. Maddux ( 1998 ) says that the ground that engineering has been unsuccessful in the schoolroom is that a ) it is caused by a deficiency of fund B ) those changed by attitudinal alterations. Research shows that pupils learn more when they are able to interact with their instructors and their schoolmates and schoolroom engineering as stated by AACC Cerkovnik would assist to better the talks. Online tutorials, picture based categories. Smart classrooms cost between $ 19,000- $ 25,000. Training and aid would be needed to guarantee that this is a success though. Community College Journal Oct/Nov 2008MANAGING Student Academic Work can besides help in the controlling of inappropriate behavior.Most inappropriate behaviour in schoolrooms that is non earnestly riotous and can be managed by comparatively simple processs that prevent escalation. Effective schoolroom directors pattern accomplishments that minimize misbehavior and the pattern and usage of engineering in the schoolroom can do this a world. When pupils ‘ attending are engaged it makes it less likely for them to desire to be involved in other unproductive activities. It now makes it easier for the instructor to ai rt the pupil to what the remainder of the category should be making ( This could besides hold the consequence of being a distraction from the usual chalk/whiteboard and speak methods that are traditional in the execution of learning in the schoolroom ) – More serious, riotous behaviours such as combat, uninterrupted break of lessons, ownership of drugs and stealing require direct action harmonizing to school board regulation.Basic rules of schoolroom clip direction allows us to acknowledge that allowing pupils take over lets them take the enterprise to be antiphonal to the schoolroom moral force in group activitiesThe instructor nevertheless must ever be the usher assisting the pupils to work through whatever jobs that that your estimation is low.In schoolrooms, the most prevailing positive effects are intrinsic pupil satisfaction ensuing from success, achievement, good classs, societal blessing and acknowledgment. This is why societal networking sites such as MySpace, Facebook and Twitter are every bit of import as they contribute widely to the whole construct of societal acknowledgment.While congratulations used efficaciously can increase a pupil ‘s assurance and therefore their public presentation it must be express ed in a genuineness, and must be hone in on a specific quality of a kid. Technology helps the kid to detect the quality that they may hold determined to be missingTechnology in our busy mundane lives help us to salvage clip. Can you conceive of a life without microwaves and autos. One in which we have to walk mundane to travel to our assorted finishs? This may look merely the impossible. While many may look to be against the usage of telecasting and the computing machine as primary agencies to replacing learning in the schoolroom this may non ever be a negative. The following shows us some grounds: Dorr ( 1992 ) indicates that most kids in the USA position less than 30 proceedingss of telecasting a hebdomad in school whereas their place telecastings are on about seven hours per twenty-four hours! Why is n't telecasting used more widely in instruction? The instructor plays the major function in make up one's minding what happens in the schoolroom, and every bit long as instructors experience trouble in previewing picture, obtaining equipment, integrating plans into the course of study, and associating telecasting programming to assessment activities, telecasting screening will go on to be comparatively rare in schoolrooms. It besides seems likely that the widespread public belief that telecasting has damaging effects on development, acquisition, and behaviour will go on to restrict telecasting integrating within most schoolrooms beyond that of a comparatively modest auxiliary function. aˆ? There is no conclusive grounds that telecasting stultifies the head. aˆ? There is no consistent grounds that telecasting additions either hyperactivity or passiveness in kids. aˆ? There is deficient grounds that telecasting sing displaces academic activities such as reading or prep and thereby has a negative impact on school accomplishment. The relationship between the sum of clip spent sing telecasting and achievement trial tonss is curvilineal with achievement lifting with 1-2 hours of telecasting per twenty-four hours, but falling with longer sing periods. aˆ? The research grounds indicates that sing force on telecasting is reasonably correlated with aggression in kids and striplings. aˆ? Most surveies show that there are no important differences in effectivity between unrecorded instructor presentations and pictures of instructor presentations. aˆ? Television is non widely in schoolrooms because instructors experience trouble in previewing picture, obtaining equipment, integrating plans into the course of study, and associating telecasting programming to assessment activities. The findings refering the impact of computer-based direction ( CBI ) in instruction can be summed up as: aˆ? Computers as coachs have positive effects on larning as measured by standardised accomplishment trials, are more motivative for pupils, are accepted by more instructors than other engineerings, and are widely supported by decision makers, parents, politicians, and the populace in general. aˆ? Students are able to finish a given set of educational aims in less clip with CBI than needed in more traditional attacks. aˆ? Limited research and rating surveies indicate that incorporate larning systems ( ILS ) are effectual signifiers of CBI which are rather likely to play an even larger function in schoolrooms in the foreseeable hereafter. aˆ? Intelligent tutoring system have non had important impact on mainstream instruction because of proficient troubles built-in in constructing pupil theoretical accounts and easing human-like communications. Overall, the differences that have been found between media and engineering as coachs and human instructors have been modest and inconsistent. It appears that the larger value of media and engineering as coachs remainders in their capacity to actuate pupils, addition equity of entree, and cut down the clip needed to carry through a given set of aims.Learning â€Å" With † Media and Technology. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Computer-based cognitive tools have been deliberately adapted or developed to work as rational spouses to enable and ease critical thought and higher order larning. Examples of cognitive tools include: databases, spreadsheets, semantic webs, adept systems, communications package such as teleconferencing plans, online collaborative cognition building environments, multimedia/hypermedia building package, and computing machine scheduling linguistic communications. In the cognitive tools attack, media and engineering are given straight to scholars to utilize for stand foring and showing what they know. Learners themselves function as interior decorators utilizing media and engineering as tools for analysing the universe, accessing and construing information, forming their personal cognition, and stand foring what they know to others The foundations for utilizing package as cognitive tools in instruction are: aˆ? Cognitive tools empower scholars to plan their ain representations of cognition instead than absorbing representations preconceived by others. aˆ? Cognitive tools can be used to back up the deep reflective thought that is necessary for meaningful acquisition. aˆ? Cognitive tools enable aware, disputing larning instead than the effortless acquisition promised but seldom realized by other instructional inventions. aˆ? Ideally, undertakings or jobs for the application of cognitive tools will be situated in realistic contexts with consequences that are personally meaningful for scholars. aˆ? Using multimedia building plans as cognitive tools engages many accomplishments in scholars such as: undertaking direction accomplishments, research accomplishments, organisation and representation accomplishments, presentation accomplishments, and contemplation accomplishments.â€Å" Learning From † and â€Å" Learning With † Media and Technology. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .There are two major attacks to utilizing media and engineering in schools: pupils can larn â€Å" from † media and engineering, and they can larn â€Å" with † media and engineering ( Jonassen & A ; Reeves, 1996 ) . Learning â€Å" from † media and engineering is frequently referred to in footings such as instructional telecasting, computer-based direction, or incorporate larning systems ( Hannafin, Hannafin, Hooper, Rieber, & A ; Kini, 1996 ; Seels, Berry, Fullerton, & A ; Horn, 1996 ) . Learnin g â€Å" with † engineering, less widespread than the â€Å" from † attack, is referred to in footings such as cognitive tools ( Jonassen & A ; Reeves, 1996 ) and constructivist acquisition environments ( Wilson, 1996 ) . Regardless of the attack, media and engineering have been introduced into schools because it is believed that they can hold positive effects on instruction and acquisition. The intent of this study is to sum up the grounds for the effectivity and impact of media and engineering in schools around the universe. ( A restriction of this study is that the huge bulk of the published research on the effectivity of media and engineering in schools was conducted in English-speaking states such as Australia, Canada, the United Kingdom, and the United States of America. ) Research surveies refering the impact of these different attacks will be presented in the following two subdivisions of this study. But first, it is necessary to clear up what is meant by the footings â€Å" media † and â€Å" engineering † within the context of instruction. regarded as incorrect ; medium is preferred. ( Berube, 1993, p. 846 )The Importance of Media and Technology in Education. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .One ground for the attending being paid to media and engineering in instruction reflects commercial or corporate involvements. Although printed stuff continues to be â€Å" the dominant medium format † in schools ( Molenda, Russell, & A ; Smaldino, 1998, p. 3 ) , a recent Presidential study in the USA recommends that â€Å" at least five per centum of all public K-12 educational disbursement in the United States ( or about $ 13 billion yearly in changeless 1996 dollars ) should be earmarked for technology-related outgos†¦ . † Still another ground for the focal point on media and instruction stems from crisp dissensions about the value of media and engineering in instruction. Enthusiastic indorsements of new media and engineerings in instruction are easy to happen in intelligence studies, political addresss, and other beginnings. Many of these announcements seem overly-optimistic if non inflated. See this quotation mark from Lewis Perelman ‘s 1993 book titled School ‘s Out: Because of the permeant and powerful impact of HL ( hyperlearning ) engineering, we now are sing the disruptive coming of an economic and societal transmutation more profound than the industrial revolution. The same engineering that is transforming work offers new larning systems to work out the jobs it creates. In the aftermath of the HL revolution, the engineering called â€Å" school † and the societal establishment normally thought of as â€Å" instruction † will be as disused and finally nonextant as the dinosaurs. ( p. 50 ) A typical illustration of this comes from the present Government of Trinidad and Tobago ‘d want to give free laptops to SEA pupils in the center of September 2010. However, despite such rhetoric and other, more conservative, optimism expressed in the popular imperativeness and authorities paperss, there are besides many sceptics and a few vocal critics of media and engineering in instruction. A recent screen narrative of The Atlantic Monthly entitled â€Å" The Computer Delusion † illustrates a critical position of engineering in instruction, get downing with this opening sentence: There is no good grounds that most utilizations of computing machines significantly better instruction and acquisition, yet school territories are cutting plans – music, art, physical instruction – that enrich kids ‘s lives to do room for this doubtful panacea, and the Clinton Administration has embraced the end of â€Å" computing machines in every schoolroom † with credulous and dearly-won enthusiasm. ( Oppenheimer, 1997, p. 45 ) . One would believe that the plans such as the Arts and the music will be what the pupils will most likely want to acquire involved with as these countries are more synergistic. Another popular belief is that telecasting screening is damaging to the academic accomplishment of school-age kids and teens. While some surveies have reported a negative correlativity between the sum of telecasting screening and scholastic public presentation, such statistics are susceptible to misunderstandings because of step ining variables such as intelligence and socioeconomic position ( Seels et al. , 1996 ) .Undoubtedly, the most widespread belief about telecasting is that it fosters force and aggressive behaviours among kids and striplings ( Winn,Research ConsequencesThe most positive research intelligence about larning â€Å" from † telecasting can be found in the schoolroom where 40 old ages of research show positive effects on larning from telecasting plans that are explicitly produced and used for instructional intents ( Dorr, 1992 ; Seels et al. , 1996 ) . In add-on, most surveies show that there are no important differences in effectivity between unrecorded inst ructor presentations and pictures of instructor presentations ( Seels et al. , 1996 ) . More significantly, there is strong grounds that telecasting is used most efficaciously when it is deliberately designed for instruction and when instructors are involved in its choice, use, and integrating into the course of study ( Johnson, 1987 ) . Historically, surveies of the large-scale executions of instructional telecasting have shown assortedFuture NeedsUnfortunately, there is a dearth of developmental research focused on how instructors might outdo usage telecasting in the schoolroom to heighten academic accomplishment. We know that motive is an of import factor in deriving the most from any educational experience, but we do n't cognize how instructors can efficaciously actuate pupils to go to to educational telecasting. We know that feedback refering the message received ( or non received ) from telecasting is of import, but we lack clear waies as to when and how instructors should supply that feedback. And even when recommendations for utilizing telecasting in the schoolroom do be ( Stone, 1997 ) , there is small grounds that these guidelines are built-in parts of the course of study in most teacher readying plans ( Waxman & A ; Bright, 1993 ) .Learning â€Å" from † Computers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .The earliest signifiers of computer-based direction were to a great extent influenced by the behavioural psychological science of B.F. Skinner ( 1968 ) . These plans were basically automated signifiers of programmed direction. They presented information to the pupil in little sections, required the pupil to do open responses to the information as stimulation, and provided feedback to the pupil along withdifferential ramification to other sections of direction or to drill-and-practice modus operandis. Although this basic behavioural theoretical account continues to rule mainstream educational applications of computing machines such as incorporate larning systems ( Bailey, 1992 ) , interactivity in some of today ‘s most advanced applications, such as constructivist larning environments ( Wilson, 1996 ) , is based upon progresss in cognitive psychological science and constructivist teaching method ( Coley et al. , 1997 ) ( see Section Three of this study ) .Research ConsequencesThe good intelligence is that even with a chiefly behavioural teaching method, computing machines as coachs have positive effects on larning as measured by standardised accomplishment trials, are more motivative for pupils, are accepted by more instructors than other engineerings, and are widely supported by decision makers, parents, politicians, and the populace in general ( Coley et al. , 1997 ; President ‘s Committee of Advisors on Science and Technology, 1997 ) .Integrated Learning SystemsIntegrated larning systems ( ILS ) utilize computing machine webs to unite comprehensive educational â€Å" courseware † with centralised direction tools.. In a particular issue of Education Technology magazine devoted to ILS, Bailey ( 1992 ) asked two primary inquiries: â€Å" Why do they ( ILS ) continue to rule the school engineering market? Are they every bit effectual as the sellers claim? † ( p. 3 ) . Why are ILS so popular among pedagogues, at least those with the power to do buying determinations? Bailey ( 1993 ) and Becker ( 1992b ) depict some of the sensed advantages of incorporate larning systems that help to explicate why ILS dominate the school engineering market, Networking allows centralized direction by instructors and decision makers.The Effects of Learning with and of TechnologySalomon, Perkins, and Globerson ( 1991 ) make an of import differentiation between the effects of larning with and of engineering: First, we distinguish between two sorts of cognitive effects: Effectss with engineering obtained during rational partnership with it, and the effects of it in footings of the movable cognitive residue that this partnership leaves behind in the signifier of better command of accomplishments and schemes. ( p. 2 )Easy Learning?Cognitive tools are learner-controlled, non teacher-controlled or technology-driven. For illustration, when pupils build databases, they are besides building their ain conceptualisation of the organisation of a sphere of cognition. Cognitive tools are non designed to cut down information processing, that is, do a undertaking easier, ( Perkins, 1993 ) . The nature and beginning of the undertaking or job is paramount in applications of cognitive tools. Past failures of â€Å" tool † attacks to utilizing computing machines in instruction can be attributed mostly to the delegating of the tools to traditional academic undertakings set by instructors or the course of study. Cognitive tools are intended to be used by pupils to stand for cognition and work out jobs while prosecuting probes that are relevant to their ain lives. These probes are ideally situated within a constructivist larning environment ( Duffy, Lowyck, & A ; Jonassen, 1993 ) . Cognitive tools wo n't be effectual when used to back up teacher-controlled undertakings entirely.Multimedia as a Cognitive ToolAnother facet that we would look at is the usage of of multimedia building package Programs. Multimedia is the integrating of more than one medium into some signifier of communicating or experience delivered via a computing machine. Most frequently, multimedia refers to the integrating of media such as text, sound, artworks, life, picture, imagination, and spacial mold into a computing machine system ( von Wodtke, 1993 ) . Using comparatively cheap desktop computing machines, users are now able to capture sounds and picture, manipulate sound and images to accomplish particular effects, synthesise sound and picture, create sophisticated artworks including life, and incorporate them all into a individual multimedia presentation Multimedia presentations are prosecuting because they are multimodal. In other words, multimedia can excite more than one sense at a clip, and in making so, may be more eye-catching and attention-holding.In the cognitive tools attack, multimedia is non a signifier of direction to larn from, but instead a tool for building and larning with. Learners may make their ain multimedia cognition representations that reflect their ain positions on or understanding of thoughts. Or scholars may join forces with other scholars to develop a schoolroom or school multimedia cognition base.Research ConsequencesIdeally, undertakings or jobs for the application of multimedia building package as a cognitive tool should be situated in realistic contexts with consequences that are personally meaningful for scholars. Beichner ( 1994 ) studies on a undertaking where these conditions were met in a alone manner. The topics in this Carver, Lehrer, Connell, and Ericksen ( 1992 ) list some of the major thought accomplishments that scholars learn and use as multimedia interior decorators: Project Management Skills aˆ? Making a timeline for the completion of the undertaking. aˆ? Allocating resources and clip to different parts of the undertaking. aˆ? Delegating functions to team members. Research Skills aˆ? Determining the nature of the job and how research should be organized. aˆ? Presenting thoughtful inquiries about construction, theoretical accounts, instances, values, and functions. aˆ? Searching for information utilizing text, electronic, and pictural information beginnings. aˆ? Developing new information with interviews, questionnaires and other study methods. aˆ? Analyzing and construing all the information collected to place and construe forms. Organization and Representation Skills aˆ? Deciding how to section and sequence information to do it apprehensible. aˆ? Deciding how information will be represented ( text, images, films, sound, etc. ) . aˆ? Deciding how the information will be organized ( hierarchy, sequence ) and how it will be linked. Presentation Skills aˆ? Maping the design onto the presentation and implementing the thoughts in multimedia. aˆ? Attracting and keeping the involvements of the intended audiences. Contemplation Skills aˆ? Measuring the plan and the procedure used to make it. aˆ? Revising the design of the plan utilizing feedback. something â€Å" from † these communications. The instructional procedures built-in in the â€Å" from † attack to utilizing media and engineering in schools can be reduced to a series of simple stairss: 1 ) exposing pupils to messages encoded in media and delivered by engineering, 2 ) presuming that pupils perceive and encode these messages, 3 ) necessitating a response to bespeak that messages have been received, and 4 ) supplying feedback as to the adequateness of the response. Television and the computing machine are the two primary engineerings used in the â€Å" from † attack. The findings refering the impact of telecasting in instruction can be summed up as: aˆ? There is no conclusive grounds that telecasting stultifies the head. aˆ? There is no consistent grounds that telecasting additions either hyperactivity or passiveness in kids. aˆ? There is deficient grounds that telecasting sing displaces academic activities such as reading or prep and thereby has a negative impact on school accomplishment. The relationship between the sum of clip spent sing telecasting and achievement trial tonss is curvilineal with achievement lifting with 1-2 hours of telecasting per twenty-four hours, but falling with longer sing periods. aˆ? The preponderance of the research grounds indicates that sing force on telecasting is reasonably correlativeJournal of Research on Technology and EducationPractical Learning A Vital OpportunityBy Kate Shoesmith, Senior Manager for Policy & A ; Practice, City & A ; Guilds Centre for Skills DevelopmentEmbracing Technology in the Secondary School Curriculum: The Status in Two Eastern Secondary Schools.Karleen A Mason The Journal of Negro Education ; Winter 2007 ; Vol 76, No. 1 ; Academic Research Library pg. 5The Impact of Media and Technology in Schools A Research Report prepared for The Bertelsmann Foundation Thomas C. Reeves, Ph.D. The University of Georgia February 12, 1998Global Projects and Digital Tools that Make pupils Global scholars by Sheila Offman GershCultureQuest undertakings can be viewed at hypertext transfer protocol: //culturequest.us/sample_projects.htm, hypertext transfer protocol: //culturequest.us/teacherprojects.html, and hypertext transfer protocol: //tec hshowcase.googlepages.comTeachers mentoring other instructors: What to make and what to avoid when offering teacher supportby Christina Pomoni