Thursday, December 26, 2019
Six Forces of Culture - 1450 Words
Six Forces of Culture Six Forces of Culture: My Chosen Event Prince Georgeââ¬â¢s Annual Traditional POW Wow is an event put on by the Prince George Friendship Centre, it takes place at the Carrie Jane Gray Park. It is rich in energy and historical popular culture. Hosting the powwow is a way of ensuring the rich heritage of the aboriginal people is preserved. The word Pow Wow, or pau wau, means a gathering of people coming together to trade. Explorers misinterpreted the ceremony of medicine men dancing, thinking all natives gathered to sing and dance in this manner. The modern day Pow Wow evolved from the Grass Dance Societies that formed during the early 1800 s. The dances were an opportunity for the warriors to reenact their braveâ⬠¦show more contentâ⬠¦When referring to the Six Forces of Culture that affect or influence events the powwow incorporates heavily on the historical aspects, the trials and tribulations the culture faced being government socialized, losing their cultural languages, having to abide by a whole new governing law that allocated power to the government no longer to the elders. These types of events are also meant to provide an alleyway for effective communication with other native and non-native parties creating effective communication and understanding of the culture that surrounds us. In our current times we are surrounded by First Nation historical culture, carvings, totem poles, statues, artwork ect. Prior to Europeans arriving in what is now known as Canada, First Nation people did not have a brewing tradition and had no experience with alcohol. As the Fur Trade developed, alcohol was given as a gift as well as a trade item at trading posts (Waldram, Herring, Young, 2000). Traders used alcohol, specifically distilled hard liquors to lure trappers away from rival company posts. As Hamer and Steinbring (1980) have noted, ââ¬ËAlcohol was used as an inducement to participate, as a medium of exchange, and as a standard of competitive accessââ¬â¢. I only mention this as the first nation have a proven problem with alcohol and drug consumption, There is an urgent and visible nature of alcohol and drug abuse amongShow MoreRelatedThe Streetcar Killing Of Sammy Yatim1425 Words à |à 6 PagesHowever, with recent cases such as the streetcar killing of Sammy Yatim, the legitimacy of police has begun to be questioned. For the purpose of this essay, I will focus on how this case has brought forth conversations regarding police cultureââ¬âincluding use of force and the visibility of police in the age of technologyââ¬âand ultimately how this has shaped public perception of police. The Case of Sammy Yatim On July 26, 2013, Sammy Yatim, a mentally ill youth was shot nine times and killed by a policeRead MoreA Brief Note On Professional Educational Services Group1043 Words à |à 5 Pagesbasis. Benchmarking new data with previous employment rates data before the changes occurred allows PESG to see if they are on the right track for making these changes. Chapters two, three, and six explain organizational changes and how to overcome problems that might occur when trying to make the culture better. In chapter two, the class discussed the challenges of change. PESG relates to this chapter through the building of adaptation into the organization. The changes made to better the individualRead MoreAn Effective Total Rewards Program For Increase Profitability1723 Words à |à 7 Pagesthe author will describe the six features of an effective total rewards program that can contribute to motivating a sale force to produce a high number of clients. The author will describe the behaviors of the sales force that are targeted with the compensation plan. This paper will assess how a value proposition is achieved for current and future employees in the outlined plan. Lastly, the author will indicate how future salespeople may be attracted to this plan. Six features of an effective totalRead MoreSchizophrenia Case Study Essay1321 Words à |à 6 PagesThroughout psychology today there are six different theoretical models that seek to explain and treat abnormal functioning or behavior. These different models have been a result of different ideas and beliefs over the course of history. As psychology began to grow so did the improvements in research techniques. As a result psychologists are able to explain a variety of disorders in terms of the six different theoretical models. In the movie A Beautiful Mind it follows the mathematician John NashRead MoreThe Six Rules Of Revitalization880 Words à |à 4 PagesThe six rules to revitalization are a set of operational principles that a management team can utilize to keep their company relevant in the global competitive landscape. (Light Kiddon, p. 2). The six rules of revitalization include the following: 1. Refocus the Organization 2. Restore Brand Relevance 3. Reinvent the Brand Experience 4. Reinforce a Results Culture 5. Rebuild Brand Trust 6. Realize Global Alignment These rules create a useful framework when competing in the global market. WhenRead MoreThe Culture Of Egyptian Culture1248 Words à |à 5 PagesEgyptian culture has its roots in several factors within its borders that define the tradition as well as a way of life in the country. The influences of culture in a country as well as throughout the human civilization underpin the understanding of culture. Egypt is not an exception to this characteristic of culture definition. There exist multiple influencers of culture within the Egyptian border that form the basis in form and principle of their way of life. The population that a form a countryRead MorePolice Brutality And Its Effects On America Essay1633 Words à |à 7 Pagesabout the trend of this phenomenon when she said, In fact there has been an increase, a six per cent increase in fatal shootings when we compare the first six months of last year to the first six months of this year. There are about three people who are dying a day fatally shot by officersâ⬠. Her investigation provides evidence that the violence is increasing daily. It becomes clear that the violence of police forces becomes a serious national problem. However, this police brutality is the tree that concealsRead MoreSociological Concepts Essay728 Words à |à 3 Pagesof text, double-spaced (this does not include the title page). * Refer to at least six sociological concepts covered in the lectures or textbook reading. Highlight these concepts in boldface. * Connect your concepts to the TCOs. Indicate the TCOs covered in parentheses, as demonstrated in the assignment instructions. Grading Rubric: Component | Points Possible | Submission refers to at least six sociological concepts covered in the lectures or textbook reading | 55 | Submission relatesRead MoreBa3103-Critical Analysis-Best Buy1103 Words à |à 5 PagesIn recent years they have seen a decline in profits and are forced to close fifty stores in an attempt to restructure. In an attempt to understand the competitive forces that Best Buy must overcome and determine their strategic position in the electronic marketplace I will utilize the Porter six forces framework. Porterââ¬â¢s Six Forces | | SupplierPower:MODERATE to HIGH * Panasonic * Sony * Samsung * Vizio | Threat of Substitution: LOW | Threat of Entry:MODERATE to HIGH * E-commerceRead MoreLean Six Sigma can be termed as a program of process improvement that incorporates two ideas which600 Words à |à 3 Pages Lean Six Sigma can be termed as a program of process improvement that incorporates two ideas which are lean, and six sigma. Lean comprises of techniques for minimizing the time required to deliver services or products. Six Sigma comprises of techniques for refining the quality of services and products, significantly contributing to amplified satisfaction of the client. By incorporating them, Lean Six Sigma can be seen to be a proven strategy of business management that assists organizations in operating
Wednesday, December 18, 2019
Heroes Come And Go By Robin Hood - 1436 Words
Being heroic along with being an outlaw are not two features that tend to mix well together because of previous stereotypes, Robin Hood is an exception to this because his actions, even though some might say were criminalistic, his intentions were to only provide a safe haven for the ones who deserves it the most, the poor. Heroes come and go, but the legend of Robin Hood has prevailed generation after generation. Robin Hood, who fought for freedom and liberty of every soul did it not for fame, but for equality and the right to live freely without the reign of a corrupt government. Robin Hood steals money from the poor and gives it to the rich, a message that sets fears in the wealthy, but opens up a whole new atmosphere for poor to dream and believe in. Focusing on the movie aspect of Robin Hood and his portrayal, Kevin Reynolds Robin Hood: Prince of Thieves 1991, James Hunter Robin Hood: Prince of Sherwood 1994, Spoke Brandt Tom and Jerry: Robin Hood and His Merry Mouse 2012, and M el Brooks Robin Hood Men in Tights 1993. Robin Hood played a vital role in getting the system overthrown and in order to know more about him, explaining the folklore behind him, the symbolism of his character, and the film created in his honor. Robin Hood played a vital role in creating the atmosphere that the poor rely on to this day, the lower class are a vital role in every economy as they are the majority and he showed what can happen when they are not taken care of. The real question that isShow MoreRelatedThe Similarities And Differences Of Beowulf And Robin Hood749 Words à |à 3 PagesEarth is aware of what a hero is and can even list a few off the top of their head. Heroes come in all shapes, sizes, eras and beliefs and are an essential part of human culture. When going ââ¬Ëback in timeââ¬â¢ to an Anglo-Saxon hero like Beowulf or even hearing about a somewhat modern hero like Robin Hood in todays day and age, one can think of several key differences and similarities that the two heroes share. Heroes are a universal concept, but not every hero is universally the same. Although the conceptRead MoreAnyone Can Be a Hero1524 Words à |à 7 Pagesthat there are no more heroes in the world today, that any or everyone we look up to has a bad reputation or not worth our time and eventually will steer us in the wrong direction. To our understanding this is not true there are heroes in our world, Webster dictionary defines hero as a male figure that displays superior courage and strength or a person who, in the opinion of others, has heroic qualities or has performed a heroic act and is regarded as a model or ideal. Heroes are everywhere we justRead MoreThe Importance of Helping Others1022 Words à |à 5 Pagesnefarious, and those with less dramatic characteristics. Man in the Water is a story about a plane that crashes into the Potomac river and the last survivors are floating in the water waiting for rescue. The water is freezing and the helicopter comes and sends down a lifeline and a single man kept passing it off to everyone else till he died and was not rescued.ââ¬Å"For at some moment in the water he must have realized that he would not live if he continued to hand over the rope and ring to othersRead MoreRole and evolution of the hero in literature1472 Words à |à 6 PagesThe appearance of heroes in literature marks a revolution in thought that occurred when writers and their audiences turned their attention away from immortal gods to mortal men.(Hero, Encyclopedia Britanica). Heroes were the first human beings in literature and where able to spark a general interest in the audience. They risked their lives for valiant causes and created a moment s glory that lived on longer after they were gone. Although this was a great change, these heroes were still veryRead MoreHeros and Sidekicks Eastern Western and Modern Mythology. Achillies and Patroclus, Gilgamesh and Enkidu, Batman and Robin1713 Words à |à 7 PagesHeroes and their sidekicks have been a consistent motif in mythology from the very first civilization, to the ancient Greeks, and even to popular culture now. Three specific stories with very similar hero-sidekick themes are the relationships between Gilgamesh and Enkidu in the Epic of Gilgamesh, Achilles and Patroclus in the Iliad, and Batman and Robin in the graphic novel Death in the Family. This essay will explore the similarities and differences between these important pieces of literatureRead MoreJesse James Made History By Making The First Successful Train Robbery1495 Words à |à 6 Pagesa western folk hero. Jesse James, the notorious outlaw and alleged hero, was born September 5th, 1847, near Kearney, Missouri. He had one brother, Franklin James, and their mother was Zerelda. Their father Robert James, had left his young family to go to the California gold fields to minister. He died soon after he arrived there, and Jesseââ¬â¢s mother remarried quickly. Zerelda remarried three times. Her second husband was Benjamin Simms. It was said that their stepfather abused the family, which mayRead MoreThe Cautionary Tale Of The Novel Repent, Harlequin ! 1518 Words à |à 7 Pagesothers, there was only sniggering: those strata where thought is subjugated to form and ritualâ⬠¦But down below, ah, down below, where the people always needed their saints and sinners, their bread and circuses, their heroes and villains, he was considered a Bolivar; a Napoleon; a Robin Hood; a Dick Bong (Ace of Aces); a Jesus; a Jomo Kenyatta (Ellison 297). It is through these numerous allusions that Ellison touches on the contrast between the established authority and the individualist stance. EachRead MoreBiker Gangs781 Words à |à 4 PagesOrganized crime has many relationships that go along with the group. For the sake of the assignment, I will be discussing the organized crime of biker gangs or rather ââ¬Å"clubsâ⬠. There are many different relationships dealing with biker gangs, both in and out of the gang. Many people see them as a nuisance, while others see them as kind of a group of Robin Hoods. Many problems that arise with biker gangs are various with them being anywhere from murder, theft, vandalism, drugs and minor trafficRead MoreJesse. James : The Hero And The Villain Of His Time1174 Words à |à 5 PagesMissouri. Jesse was born third of the four kids that his parents, Robert and Zerelda James, birthed. Robert James, Jesseââ¬â¢s father, was a Baptist minister as well as a slave owner. Jesse Jamesââ¬â¢ mother soon became a widow when her husband, Robert, decided to go to California to gold mine. According to an author, ââ¬Å"A few months later, he will die of cholera.â⬠Soon after Jesse Jamesââ¬â¢ father died, his mother got remarried. According to an author, ââ¬Å"But rumor had it that their new stepfather treated Jesse and FrankRead MoreHow the Makers of Shrek Subvert the Usual Conventions of a Fairytale Using Presentational Devices1354 Words à |à 6 PagesShrek took conventional well-known fairytale characters and changed them to make them humorous, for example the three little pigs were given stereotypical homosexual voices. Other characters in the film were Tinkerbell, Little Red Riding Hood, The Three Bears and many more. They also added and changed well known phrases from fairytale films. For example the Three Little Pigs dont say, He huffed and he puffed and blew the house down they say, He huffed and he puffed
Tuesday, December 10, 2019
Statistics and Leasing Business Research Method
Question: Discuss about the Statistics and Leasing Business Research Method. Answer: Introduction: The car leasing business is becoming very popular nowadays everywhere in the world. The leasing of a car enables the customers to enjoy the right of the car and ride the car while the actual ownership of the car remains with the customer (Philipson and Sansom 2015). The leasing of car is practiced for different purposes like for traveling, office goers and other services (Baker and Donnet 2012). There are also many organizations who allow the customer to choose from a wide variety of cars. This car leasing business is popular as it allows the customers to enjoy all the benefits of having the car without paying the full amount of money. The car companies like Toyota also provides this services over a large number of destinations all across the country. The popular car leasing companies of the country are carlease.com, smartleasing.com, leaseplan and others. The assignment aims to study the change of the car leasing business over the entire country Australia. The present situation of the country for running the business, the opinion of the people of the country regarding leasing of car is being studied in this assignment. The assignment covers the methods of data collection and the analysis and interpretation of the data. The expected outcome of the results of analysis is also given in this assignment. The main problem statement concerned in this research work is to understand the present situation of the car leasing business in Australia. Aim and motivation: The aim of this research is to understand the present situation of the car leasing business in Australia and determine the factors affecting the growth of the business. The motivation of the project comes from the fact that car leasing business has grown in Australia over the years. There is also a new concept of novated car leasing business. This factor has also led to the growth of the business in the country. Research objective: The objective of the research is to understand the changes in the car leasing business in Australia and its effect on other factors like the employment, economic improvement and others. Literature review: The car leasing refers to taking a car in rent from the owner of the car. The car leasing is widely practiced in different countries o the world. There are a number of companies in the country Australia that performs this business (Featherstone 2016). This allows the customer to enjoy all the rights of the car without actually owning the car. The ownership of the car retains with the original owner. The business helps to save a lot of money for the common people that would be required for buying a car (Johns 2013). The popular companies that are involved in this business are leaseplan, smartlease and others. The company Leaseplan is the top company in the world for running the business. The company Leaseplan is operating for more than 50 years. The company has more than 95000 vehicles and employs more than 360 staffs. The main offices of the company are situated at Melbourne, Adelaide, Perth, Canberra, Brisbane, Sydney and other places. The company provides services to the Government as well as non government organizations (leaseplan.com.au 2016). Along with these, the company also takes part in various social activities like supporting sports and helping the kids. There is a concept called novated car leasing in the country Australia. In the case of novated car lease, the employer of the company is given a car by the company. The novated car lease involves the employer, employee and the car leasing company. Many popular cars leasing company like the Toyota is also involved in the business of such companies. The payment for the leased car is being made by the employer and the amount of lease is deducted from the income tax of the employee (Bannister 2013). The government of the country has also made several laws regarding the use o novated cars. The South Australian Government has made a deed of novation in which the employer makes a deduction from the salary of the employee. The amount is transferred to a separate account from where the claims and fees are deducted (Crisan and Mihaila 2014). The employer of the company also gets certain benefits because of this service. They are able to get some discounts on income tax. The car lease service also allows the employee to choose from a wide range of cars (Birdsall 2016). The car remains with the employee and can be transferred to other employee. The employer also has some benefits in this case. This procedure helps to increase the effective income of the employee without incurring an extra cost and also helps to maintain the fleet of vehicle for the company (Davis 2016). The leased car is also used for personal purposes. The companies like Fincar allow personal car leasing. The car leasing practices allows the people to use the car at a much lower price. The companies also have adopted the modern technologies to attract the customers. The company like Maxxia has developed app to ease the process of car leasing (maxxia.com.au 2016). Research gap: The research has been carried out by taking data of only one year. The research work could have been better if the previous year figure had been considered. A comparison with the previous years figures would reveal the change of the business in the country over the years. Research question: The research work involves many research questions. The main research question for this research work is given below: What is the present situation of the country for car leasing business? How many people of the country use this particular service? How many companies are there running this business? What is the number of people employed in this particular industry? Variables and hypotheses: The research involves many variables. The variables can be independent and dependent. The main variables involved in this study are the number of small and big companies running this particular business, the number of people involved in this business, the price of leasing the cars, the yearly earnings from this business. The variables like number of companies operating the business, number of people employed, price of leasing cars depends on the revenue generated from the business. The revenue generated from the business is taken as the dependent variable and the other three variables as the main independent variables for this research work. The hypotheses concerned in this research process are: H0: The car leasing business has not shown any changes over the last few decades. H1: The car leasing business has changed in the country Australia over the last few decades. Operational definition and measurements: The variables concerned in this research work are the number of people involved in this business, number of companies. The revenue generated from this research is measured in dollars. The figures are considered for the whole country. Therefore, there would some error in the values of the observation. An error of 5% in the values would be tolerated for carrying out this research. Research design and methodology: The research approach that would be used for this research process would be both qualitative and quantitative. The researcher will use positivism research philosophy for this research. The positivism research philosophy supports collection of data and making inferences from those collected datasets (Neuman and Robson 2012). The research approach that is to be used for carrying out this research would be deductive research approach. The availability of huge amount of data generally supports deductive research approach (Creswell 2013). Instrumentation/Sampling: The data collection for this research would be performed by the method of sampling. The data is to be obtained on the variables like the number of car leasing companies in the country, the number of people employed in this particular sector, the opinion of the people about the services provided, the amount charged for the service and others. The data would be of both primary as well as secondary type of data. The primary data would be collected with the help of questionnaire. The questionnaire would contain questions about the purpose of using the car services, the companies the customers prefer most, the opinion of the people about the car services and others. The sample has to be taken by covering the whole country. An effective sampling method like the cluster sampling can be used for this purpose. The different states of the country can be taken as the clusters. The primary data is to be collected from these clusters. The secondary data about the earnings of the company, number o f people employed in the company is obtainable from the companys website. Data analysis: The data so obtained will be analyzed with the help of different descriptive statistics methods. The descriptive statistics measures such as mean, median values can be calculated for the variables like the opinion of the people. A regression analysis can also be done by taking revenue generated as the dependent variable and other variables such as number of companies, number of people employed as the dependent variables. Expected outcome: It is expected that the null hypothesis of the test would be rejected. The rejection of null hypothesis will imply that the car leasing business in the country of Australia has changed. A comparison between the descriptive statistics values for the previous years and the past years will indicate the change in the business. Contribution of the research: The variables that are used in this research are number of customers, number of car leasing companies, employment in those companies and others. All these factors considered in the research have helped to understand the present situation of the business. The regression used in this research has helped in understanding the factors affecting the business. Conclusion: The study gives an idea about the car lease business running in the country Australia. The assignment gives a detailed idea about the data collection methods and the analysis of the data. The possible interpretation of the results of the analysis and the expected outcomes of this research are also discussed in this assignment. The assignment will help to understand the condition of the car leasing business in the country Australia. The assignment will also help the concerned authorities to take a deeper look into the matter and take necessary steps to improve the condition of car leasing business. Gantt chart: Week 6 Week 10 Week 14 Literature review Data collection and analysis Final business thesis( capstone) due Figure: Gantt chart (Source: Created by author) References: Baker, D. and Donnet, T., 2012. Regional and remote airports under stress in Australia.Research in Transportation Business Management,4, pp.37-43. Bannister, P., 2013. Greening your vehicle fleet.Keeping Good Companies,65(3), p.176. Birdsall, M., 2016. Innovation in the Membership Space: How the Royal Automobile Club of Victoria Diversified Services to Meet Changing Member Needs.Institute of Transportation Engineers. ITE Journal,86(2), p.31. Creswell, J.W., 2013.Research design: Qualitative, quantitative, and mixed methods approaches. Sage publications. Crisan, E. and Mihaila, A., 2014. Business Models Used By Fleet Management Service Providers.Managerial Challenges of the Contemporary Society. Proceedings,7(1), p.84. Davis, T., 2016. Revolution on wheels: Will Australia be participant or spectator?.Griffith Review, (52), p.179. Featherstone, T., 2016. In sync: Driving innovation.Company Director,32(5), p.16. Johns, P., 2013. On Your. Neuman, W.L. and Robson, K., 2012. Basics of social research: Qualitative and quantitative approaches. Philipson, G. and Sansom, M., 2015. Driving change: Fleet management.Government News,35(5), p.12. www.leaseplan.com.au, 2016. LeasePlan. [online] Leaseplan.com.au. Available at: https://www.leaseplan.com.au/ [Accessed 30 Sep. 2016]. www.maxxia.com.au, 2016. Car Leasing Australia - Leasing Vehicles for 21 years | Maxxia. [online] Maxxia.com.au. Available at: https://www.maxxia.com.au/ [Accessed 30 Sep. 2016].
Monday, December 2, 2019
Leadership and Management in Nursing free essay sample
Nursing is a very demanding and dedicated profession and the current shortage is a serious problem at all levels of nursing and is the dearth of leaders among nurses. Leadership and management are essential skills for all qualified healthcare professionals and have a pivotal role in ensuring a delivery of high standards of care. Developing future nurse leaders is one of the greatest challenges faced by the nursing profession, (Mahoney, 2001). The author is currently working as a midwife in one of the big hospitals in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. The average deliveries per month are 500-600. There are 22 midwives in this unit and there are eight vacant posts for midwives . Due to the shortage of midwives, these professional staffs are subjected to personal and work related stress. Preston et, al. (1981) defined stress as an adaptive response, mediated by individual characteristics or psychological processes. The negative effects of stress could be evident in staff absenteeism, hostility, and aggression. We will write a custom essay sample on Leadership and Management in Nursing or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page This will impair the provision of quality care and the effective functioning of the organization. (Healy amp; McKay, 1999). The adverse effect of workload and stress in the authorââ¬â¢s placement has lead to an alarming high staff turnover. Apparently, the increased workload has affected the staff performances and the quality of nursing care. When the staff feel that they are not cared for, then they find it difficult to care for patients ( Atwater amp; Bass 1994, Lancaster 1999). In this assignment, the author will explore the various leadership styles and their theories and also distinguish the functions between leadership and management. The author will also critically explore the managerââ¬â¢s leadership practice in labor and delivery suite, thus creating a culture of reducing stress. The link of leadership style from the aspect of work, environment, communication, empowerment, delegation, implications, conclusion and recommendations will be discussed further. Leaders are not someone who holds top position but also able to give assistance to others, (Mahoney, 2001). Whereas in my placement, the head nurse, who is the leader, never gives a helping hand during the deliveries. She anticipates the midwives to conduct and manage the deliveries, even though thereââ¬â¢s shortage of staff. The nurse manager has to prepare the correct number of staff on each shift with the credentials to do the job and must be aware of the policies regarding overtime, floating from one unit to another. She must form a competent team and manage them to carry out the plan for reaching the goal of excellent patient care. Effective leaders are not merely someone who is skillful but they must acquire good attitudes, (Cook, 2001). The nurse manager must understand the factors surrounding the current situation in the unit and have the knowledge of various approaches to leadership that will help to understand and determine the best leadership approach to create a positive work environment to reduce stress. Leadership is defined as the ability to influence, inspire and motivate a group of people towards the achievement of its goal, (Yuki, 2002). Management is a process of getting things done effectively through planning and organization of services which is one of the basic function of management whereas the leader is an intermediary between work group and the top management, (Marquis and Huston, 2006). The manager uses a formal and rational method whilst the leader uses passions and stirs emotions. Without enabling and empowering nursing leadership, efforts to improve the quality and safety of healthcare will be limited and short-lived, as said by Kelly (2008). For a leader to achieve the goal, she must have the three essential things which are power, authority and influence to act in a way that will stimulate a positive respond from the staff (Tomey, 2009). Leaders will emerge when nurses feel valued and inspired to strive for excellence. They aim to improve patient care via a cohesive work force by focusing on interpersonal relationships between leaders and subordinates, (Malby 1997). A nursing leader should have a distinctive set of personal qualities, integrity, courage, initiative, ability to handle stress, think critically, able to resolve problems without conflicts, skillful communication and must be empathetic. They are not those who control others but they act as visionaries who help staff to plan, lead, control and organize their activities, (Jooste,2004). There are many types of leadership. Autocratic type of leaders are those who make all decisions and expect others to follow without questioning and never seek advice from others, (Sullivan amp; Decker 2005). This situation had made some of the midwives to leave for greener pastures. The current health system has advanced in technology and improved in care giving services (Cook, 2001). The author feels that this leadership style is no longer tenable and fits into the contemporary nursing practice and a consumer responsive culture. Democratic leaders encourage the participant of staff and use a consensus for decision making, (Sullivan amp; Decker 2005) whereas bureaucratic leadership occurs when a leader rigidly adheres to rules, regulations and policies of the organization, (Jenkins and Henderson, 1984). Instead of providing sufficient support and consideration, my nurse manager demonstrates these leadership qualities because she uses rules and policies thus expecting strict compliance from the midwives. . By following the organizational hierarchyââ¬â¢s influence, she puts herself in a high position but never use her power constructively (Masquis amp; Huston, 2006). Due to top management instructions, she adheres to the current policies, making no changes in them but gives verbal instruction and changing policies to her likes and dislikes. This swifts away trust and open communications between the manager and the midwives. Due to unvented stress and high expectations from the nurse manager, the midwives burnout level have been exacerbated . Burnout is a syndrome of emotional exhaustion, depersonalization and lack of personal accomplishment, as said by Maslach amp;Jackson (1981). Reports have proved that in this kind of environment, patientââ¬â¢s safety is at risk (Institute of Medicine, 2004). Participative leadership allows staff to participate in decision making and actively seek out the participation of those involved. This type of leadership allows staff to feel more committed to the goals they were involved (Faugier amp; Woolnough, 2002). The author feels that the head nurse should have these qualities so that the unit will run smoothly, and the staff will be appreciated and acknowledged so that good nursing care can be rendered. Transformational leadership is especially well suited for todayââ¬â¢s fast changing healthcare environment where adaptation is extremely important (Welford,2002). It starts with the development of a vision that will excite and convert potential followers, (Outhwaite, 2003). To achieve organizational success, this style advocates for strong leadership qualities and these leaders use motivation in their approach than use rewards and punishment as said by Kouzes amp; Posner (2002). In the authorââ¬â¢s point of view, this leadership is proposed as empowering leadership style which well suits in my unit and to be recognized by the nurse manager. According to Bowles amp; Bowels (2002), transformational leaders create a leadership culture for all team members nurturing empowerment, increase their autonomy and open communication for inclusive decision making. The nurse manager takes responsibilities for discussing care related matters with the midwives which makes them to be motivated and work more effectively to contribute to the development and provision of the unit, (Murphy. 2005). The ability of the leader to articulate a shared vision is an important aspect of transformational leadership (Faugier amp; Woolnough, 2002). Another leadership style is transactional leadership which focuses on providing day to day care between leaders and their employee. It aims to maintain equilibrium and harmony by using incentives to enhance staff loyalty and performance (Bass and Riggio, 2006). Laissez faire leadership is another style that leaves the staff alone to work with no directions or facilitations and is a highly risky form of leadership, (Sullivan amp; Decker 2005). Since the authorââ¬â¢s placement is labor and delivery, itââ¬â¢s not advisable to have this kind of leader in this unit as it will increase the mortality rate. The high level of burnout and increased workload due to shortage of midwives and less rest days has resulted them to leave. This disequilibrium may trigger the risk of physical and mental health of these midwives. The manager has depleted the nurses basic psychological needs which are rest and sleep and at the same time reducing their self- esteem, as said in Maslowââ¬â¢s theory of human motivation. The leader should explore barriers and identify conflicts when they arise and collaborate with the team and be able to understand the employeeââ¬â¢s perspective (Outhwaite,2003). A more effective form of leadership maybe situational leadership where the leader switches the style depending upon the situation at hand and upon the competence of the staff, (Faugier amp; Woolnough, 2002). The nurse manager must be good clinician and have judgment skills to handle any problem that cannot be handled by the staff. By doing so, the staff will listen to her as she guides them. Communication also plays a vital role as this can prevent conflict and smoothes the progress of team building in the unit Calpin-Davies, (2000). A good communicator gives the staff detailed instructions to perform tasks that are necessary to reach the goal. The nurse manager uses a communication book to provide important information to all the staff in the unit, as supported by Sullivan amp; Decker (2005). By reading and acknowledging with a signature, she assures the message has been reached effectively. As a leader, the nurse manager has to be a good listener. It provides the opportunity to receive valuable feedback that is used to avert some problems and resolve others and also giving greater understanding of the issues being discussed. When there are incidences in the unit, the nurse manager gives a listening ear to the staff and tries to solve the problems. She puts aside preconceived ideas or prejudices when listening to staff. Being a leader, the nurse manager delegates some of the tasks to the staff to focus on more complex aspects of running the unit. She delegates the right task to the right person, for example sending and collecting of narcotics by the midwife as these drugs used are cautioned in Saudi Arabia. A good leader fosters a congenial work environment by coaching, praising and training the staff to perform an excellent job and also by conducting continuous nursing education. Supervision goes in the observation of staff and to evaluate in the yearly performance appraisal. The author would recommend that the nurse manager in this unit has to change her leadership style to She should resources for proper quality care Conclusion Today, healthcare environment requires leaders to be skillful and knowledgeable and have strong inspirational leadership qualities across the health care organization. In this millennium, nursing must make a dedicated effort to nurture its young nurses to grow into effective and motivating leaders.
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