Homeschooling Essay -- Teaching Public Education

Homeschool Home schooling is an alternative to public education. It is a choice that many much p bents atomic number 18 making today, and even more are projected to make by the year 2000. It is estimated that at the end of the year 2000 there will be 2,000,000 office schoolers in the United States (Gorder 1996). at that place are other alternatives to Public School education. any(prenominal) examples are Catholic or Private schools or a privately hired tutor. There are many reasons why volume category school their children. Religious beliefs, academic achievement, social development, moral and psychological reasons are all cited (Wade 1996). However, religious beliefs are ofttimes the main reason (Gorder 1996). Some parents feel as if their children are not learning enough academics, but that they are learning moral and social set that conflict with their own (Gorier 1996). Many parents teach their children at home because they feel they bed provide a better education fo r them. Another problem parents run into with the school system is the lack of control and discipline in the schools today. In 1996 every day 35,000 children took guns to school with them (Gorder, p.15, 1996). Parents feel that since the government funds these schools they are use as podiums for preaching. They see the teacher using the class as an audience to preach to. There are also parents who want to teach their children so that they can spend more time with them. The average school-age child spends only fourteen minutes a week talking to their parents (Gorder, p.16, 1996). There are others who think that parents home school their children because they get joy out of seeing them learn and discover new things (Henger 1995). There is some history to the issue of home schooling. There are also many pros and cons, which will be addressed in this paper. Home schooling has been around for hundreds of years. There are many famous and intellectual people that have had their education through home schooling. Some examples are George Washington, Abraham Lincoln, Woodrow Wilson, Thomas Edison, Winston Churchill, Agatha Christie, Margaret Mead, Charlie Chaplin, Thomas Jefferson, Albert Einstein, Charles Dickens and Mark Twain (Gorder, p.11, 1996). Most of these famous people were home schooled when it was a common occurrence and more than acceptable. Home schooling has grown substantially over the last twenty-five years. In that... ...he people that home schooled their children were extremists. Some were about religion some were for other topics. I realized that not many average people home school their children. This movement is exit to bear to grow over the coming years. Violence and control of the kids in school is going to have a lot to do with it. Parents are not going to send their children to school if they think that they are going to get shot, stabbed, or even killed. Parents feel that it is their job to protect their children and they will do whatever i t takes. I can not see this movement taking over, if for no other reason because today two people need to work to run a sufficient household. I think that more people are going to want their children home but not be able to afford it. Bibliography whole shebang Cited Dorian, T. & Tyler, A.P.(1996). Anyone can home school. Louisiana Huntington House. Gorder, C.(1996).Home schools an alternative.Arizona Blue Bird Publishing. Gutterson, D.(1992). Family Matters. New York Harcourt Brace Jovanovich. Hegener, M.(1995). The home school reader. Washington McNaughton & Gunn. Wade, T.E.(1996). The home school manual. Mi. Gazelle

Business Ethics Essay -- Business Ethics Morals

In todays global society, a Code of Ethics indemnity is used to label established, acceptable behaviors among that industrys business associates, potential investors, and the corporations executive officers and employees, and most important, the consumer (Ethics imaginativeness mettle, 2003). In an attempt to prove an increased efficiency and productivity potential level, among employees and prospective clients, a corporations standard Code of Ethics should guide its members toward a more in-depth enquiry of their personal moral activity, and how these actions affect the people or acquaintances they encounter. A company should utilize this strategy as a model for the professional behaviors and responsibilities of its constituents, and proves the occupational increase of that business. Ethics are important in every level of a corporation, but specifically in the day-to-day actions of its members, and the image the company broadcasts to its associates is fundamental in buildin g a stable business foundation. These pledges are a vital communication tool used to covey the firms standards for business operations, and predominantly, its relationships with the meet communities (Ethics Resource Center, 2003). The statement made in this example for discussion has credibility to a certain extent, but there are always reactions to any action, as stated in the basic laws of physics. This also holds true when scrutinizing the actions of a brain surgeon, a reporter, or an employee at a fast-food restaurant. The significance may not count to be equal when determining the impact level of these jobs, but the individual attempts to perform at the highest possible intensity should always be the main closing (Horngr... ...s quite different after a new approach is applied to a specific situation, but a majority of the time, this strategy will fork out the best possible action that should be applied to achieve a more balanced ethical code (Markkula Cente r for Applied Ethics, 2008). References Ethics Resource Center (2003). Why Have a Code of Conduct? RetrievedSeptember 6, 2008 from http//www.ethics.org/resources/wy-have-code.asp Horngren, C. & Harrison, W. (2007). Accounting Chapters 1 - 17 (7th ed.). Upper Saddle River, NJ Prentice Hall.Markkula Center for Applied Ethics (2008). A Framework for Thinking Ethically.Santa Clara University. Retrieved September 6, 2008 fromhttp//www.scu.edu/ethics/practicing/decision/framework.html

Who Is God? Essay -- essays research papers

Who is God?     Worshipping is a way to communicate beliefs and feelings of individualsand religious communities. Every society I catch every studied from the AmericanIndians to the Ancient Greek have all believed in some form of worship orreligion. Altars have been and are in existence in several if not all forms ofregion. Robert Farris Thompson depicts this for the African population in "Overture The Concept Altar, " and " With the Assurance of Infinity YorubaAtlantic Altars," Face of the Gods cheat and Altars of Africa and the AfricanAmericas, through pictures he and others have taken, has well as evidence fromassorted books, articles, poems and songs, Thompson shows the meaningful rolethe Altar had in self expression of the Africans. "The catch is to view blackAtlantic art, especially in the New World, in terms of thoughtfully selectedaltar objects belonging to specific philosophic constellations which help todefine the memorial tablet of divinity."     Through the oppression of the salve trade, the Yoruba Africans worked tokeep there own conception of region intact. "Even under slavery, and under postslavery persecution in the late nineteenth century, the Yoruba of Cuba andBrazil managed to maintain sporadic but precious contact with Africa throughnetworks of friends and traders. They sought the sacred cowries, seeds, andbeads of Africa for their religion." This example...

Comparing or Contrasting Two Items :: Compare Contrast Comparison

study or Contrasting Two relics There are two basic reboundats to Comparing or Contrasting two items. If one were to equalise apples and oranges, for example, we would consider the fruits the items, and qualities such as flavor, color, texture, juicability and the like as the aspects. Both are designed to evaluate the intercourse merits of two items so that the reader may come to some sort of conclusion. The writers goal is to be as complete and fair as necessary in other words, no important information should be omitted, especially any that would be likely to skew the overall picture from one side to another. Also, the writer must compare the same or similar aspects of the two items. One cannot fairly compare apples to oranges by merely comparing the oranges in juice form to the apples in sauce form. It would be fair, however, to include a discussion of the superior nutritive value of orange juice over that of apple juice. One could similarly discuss the unsaucability of o ranges and compare it to the popularity of apple sauce. The purpose is to appear as unbiased as possible if your favorite item is superior, then let it stand on its own merits. The first style is side by side. The two items are compared aspect to aspect. Paragraphs focus on an individual aspect and explain how both items compare in that aspect. INTRO Background Thesis Body Introduce grammatical construction 1 Item A Item B Summarize comparison Aspect 1 Introduce Aspect 2 Item A Item B Summarize comparison Aspect 2 Introduce Aspect 3 Item A Item B Summarize comparison Aspect 3 Overall Summary of Comparison Explain which is superior Explain what factors train to that conclusion Explain what detracting factors are overlooked or ignored Conclusion Summary-reiterate which item is better (one sentence) Projection or Call to Action Notice that organizationally the item that goes first in the first paragraph of the body then always goes first in every paragraph. Also , the writer needs to sum each paragraph and determine the overall impact or result of that particular comparison. Next is what I call A, then B. Examine all the aspects of Item A, then discuss those same aspects of Item B in the same order. INTRO Background Thesis Body Item A Aspect 1 Aspect 2 Aspect 3 Item B Aspect 1 Aspect 2

William Howard Taft Essay -- essays research papers

William Howard TaftWilliam Taft was a nominated by his successor, Teddy Roosevelt. He was nominated for the Republican Party in the Presidential Race in 1908, in which he defeated William Jennings Bryant of the Democratic Party. He was called a trust buster, by masses against his beliefs and decisions.In his Inaugural Address, he stated that many ideas in which support Teddy Roosevelt. One, Interstate commerce railroads was a large element to the country and market of the railroad business. He wanted them to be more secure and kick in the Industry be more productive. Taft, in (1910) renderd the Mann-Elkins Act which strengthened Interstate Commerce Commission, made the original long-short haul clause more effective, and created more disposal control on railroad businesses. Taft wanted to reach a new efficiency and wanted to push his successors ideas. The 16th and 17th Amendments were passed during his Presidency to create an Income tax, and providing for the people of a state el ecting US Senators instead of the state legislature. Two states were also added to the Union.Taft commented about the revision of the Dingly Act. In 1909, he called a special session to create the Payne-Aldrich Tariff that seemed to be a protectionist measure and Taft calling it, a really good bill. The Payne-Aldrich Tariff was the first changes to the Dingley Act in which increased range on manufactured goods and helped the Industrial Northeast but angered the Midwest. The Intervention...

Themes of Honor and Shame in Invisible Man Essay -- Ralph Ellison

EXECUTE SHAME GENTLYInvisible Man is a novel by Ralph Ellison, addressing many social and example issues regarding African-American identity, including the inside of the interaction between the white and the inexorable. His novel was written in a time, that black people were treated like degraded livings by the white in the Southern America and his main character is chosen from that region. In this figurative novel he meets many people during his trip to the North, where the black is allowed more freedom. As a character, he is not analyzable, he is even nave. Yet, Ellisons narration is successful enough to show that he improves as he makes radical decisions about his life at the end of the book.The nameless narrator is a young black person, who attends his college regularly. He follows certain directions to lead a normal life. Yet, his life has to diverge from what it is as he makes a huge mis squander, which can not be forgiven by the Headmaster, Dr. Bledsoe. Mr. Norton, one of t he trustees, is chauffeured by the narrator and in the trip they take together, the narrator shows him the places, where the real life that blacks have is obvious. Raged at this, Dr. Bledsoes reaction towards the nave narrator is harsh and he is sent onward from the college. The events have key points to them in terms of how the characters choose to behave under certain conditions. These conditions are mostly related to applaud and shame, pride and humiliation, ambition to take over and passivity.Dr. Bledsoe is a black person and the Headmaster of the College. For the analysis of his character and his role, the understanding of the college should be complete and clear. It is an education institute, founded by white people in the name of educating the ... ...s this is not done, the actual shameful people are the white who tolerate it. They should feel shameless, helpless, defeated and flawed as they lower themselves for their benefit. Dr. Bledsoes ideas and thoughts and actions sh ould be re-examined now that the white society is analyzed. He is not a man of honor in any case, in any definition but penetrative what to do should be tolerated by the readers and he should not be accused of being a hypocrite just because of the sympathy we have for the narrator. The abstraction of honor and shame may often lead to different perspectives. Ralph Ellisons novel helps us to discuss the themes of honor and shame by providing disputable subjects, emplaced in the complex issue of racism. Now is the time to turn into ourselves and look for the true and honorable self. Please execute the shameless part of you gently

Themes of Honor and Shame in Invisible Man Essay -- Ralph Ellison

EXECUTE SHAME GENTLYInvisible Man is a novel by Ralph Ellison, addressing some(prenominal) social and moral issues regarding African-American identity, including the inside of the interaction between the etiolate and the black. His novel was written in a time, that black pile were treated care degraded livings by the white in the Southern America and his main character is chosen from that region. In this figurative novel he meets many people during his trip to the North, where the black is allowed more freedom. As a character, he is not complex, he is even nave. Yet, Ellisons narration is successful enough to translate that he improves as he makes radical decisions about his life at the end of the book.The nameless narrator is a young black person, who attends his college regularly. He follows current directions to lead a normal life. Yet, his life has to diverge from what it is as he makes a huge mistake, which can not be forgiven by the Headmaster, Dr. Bledsoe. Mr. Norton, on e of the trustees, is chauffeured by the narrator and in the trip they take together, the narrator shows him the places, where the real life that blacks look at is obvious. Raged at this, Dr. Bledsoes reaction towards the nave narrator is harsh and he is sent away from the college. The events have key points to them in terms of how the characters choose to behave under certain conditions. These conditions are mostly related to honor and shame, vanity and humiliation, ambition to take over and passivity.Dr. Bledsoe is a black person and the Headmaster of the College. For the analysis of his character and his role, the understanding of the college should be complete and clear. It is an education institute, founded by white people in the name of educating the ... ...s this is not done, the actual shameful people are the white who tolerate it. They should feel shameless, helpless, defeated and flawed as they degrade themselves for their benefit. Dr. Bledsoes ideas and thoughts and a ctions should be re-examined now that the white society is analyzed. He is not a man of honor in any case, in any comment but knowing what to do should be tolerated by the readers and he should not be accused of being a hypocrite just because of the sympathy we have for the narrator. The abstraction of honor and shame may often lead to different perspectives. Ralph Ellisons novel helps us to discuss the themes of honor and shame by providing arguable subjects, emplaced in the complex issue of racism. Now is the time to turn into ourselves and look for the true and honorable self. Please execute the shameless part of you gently

Street Dreams and Hip Hop Barber Shops Critique

Brad Weisss ethnographic research on common finale, hanging out in barbershops and handler stands, seamstress tables and video halls, was carried out in the northern Tanzanian city of Arusha. In Street Dreams and Hip skim Barber Shops Weiss does a great art observing the e preciseday c beer of the multitude in Arusha. He explores how globalization and neoliberalism affect the mindset of a community and shows the indorser how gender role, media, and self-fashioning can execute a big role in a person carriage. Weisss fieldwork and observation is very accurate and informative for the most part but looses the lecturer in some of the topics that he prefaces.Brad Weiss does a great job in his chapter on gender and the role that it plays in the community of Arusha. Much of the allow has been focused on the expressions of masculinity and the understandings of men that are concerned with gendered personhood, many young men in Arusha comprehend themselves and their relationships with one another in ground of what they imagine women and femininity to be like. But Weiss takes a chapter to turn to womens practices to show how the cultural process of perception and embodiment allude to the iconography of western culture.Weiss revealed to the reader that women like to keep up with the eras in Arusha just like men and they are very conscious about their look and the way they present themselves. Men use magazines and catalogues to keep up with the latest trends but women are one step ahead and use commercials and movies to stay updated. Weisss observation was very informative and accurate. This observation proves that globalization can influence people all around the humanity and have a big effect on a society. Weiss regularly shows the importance of globalization in his writing.His observation on the youth of Arusha was very precise and shows the reader how globalization and neoliberalism can shape a persons life immensely. Weiss tells the reader that through hip hop posters and magazines the younger generation of Arusha use it as a guide for fashion, music and lifestyle. This illustrates how the themes of inclusion and exclusion that shape popular practice-from the assertive modes gendered performances at bus stands and pig salons, to the fashion sense of tailors and their clients, to the viewing preferences of video audiences-operate in Arusha.He explains to the reader that the young men and women of Arusha are amicable actors who try to align a niche and struggle to participate in a world that is significant for them. I strongly agree with Weisss back breaker and believe that every young person in any society are social actors who try to fit in a world that they recover is right for them and use popular culture and globalization as a tool to get there. Brad Weiss does a great job showing the reader that barbershops around Tanzania are more than just a place for getting a haircut.He explains to the reader in great detail that the people of Tanzania guess barbershops as a place for obtaining news, catching up on the latest trends, gossip, discovering new music, or just simply hanging out. Barbershops provide men with a chance, an opportunity or a place during times of uncertainty. Weiss spends most of his time at barbershops because it is a great place for studying popular culture and allows him to see what the clients at these barber shops find interesting.There were some things that I found problematic in Weisss writing that can turn arrive at some readers. Some parts of the password he tends to over analyze and bore the reader with useless facts. I found myself being turned run into during some parts of the book where he begins to ramble on and on. In the introduction chapter he doesnt do a good job of catching the readers charge and takes a long time to get to his point. His writing sometimes ends up being very difficult to read and enjoy at the same time and I found some chapters extremely tedious.W eisss writing style can be very uninteresting and dull in the beginning of the book but he later compensates by providing interesting topics and arguments. One thing I really like about Weisss writing is that he interacts with the people of Tanzania and takes time to show the reader their story and what they go through in his writing. In one chapter he tells the story of two barbers named Hussein and Ahmed who cut hair at the Bad Boyz barbershop. He provides an ethnographic backdrop to the kinds of activities that go on in the shops and streets.This helps the reader better understand the thought process of the people that Weiss comes across and what they go through on a daily basis. It also gives the reader a different perspective on the effects of neoliberalism and globalization through the look of the people in Tanzania. Throughout the book Brad Weiss provides the reader with good background information about the people he observes and tells the reader their story. I find it ver y useful that he takes time in his writing to make sure the reader understands exactly what is going on instead of just presenting his observations.I was very impressed by how accurate Brad Weisss observations were about barbershops and the people that go there in Tanzania. I believe in 3rd world countries barbershops serve as a place for great social activity and exposure to the western culture, people rely on barbershops keep up with the times. When I visited Bangladesh couple summers ago I noticed that most people who go to barbershops go there to socialize and keep up with the latest trends that are coming from the west instead of actually getting a haircut.Just like in Weisss writing about the people in Tanzania, Bangladeshi barbershops also have cut posters from magazines decorated around the shop of musicians and athletes and share many of the same characteristics. Overall I found Street Dreams and Hip Hop Barbershops very informative. For the most part I enjoyed reading abo ut the topics and arguments Brad Weiss presented in his work. He did a good job informing the readers about the norms of the Tanzanian society and had a lot of interesting observations. I believe in his writing he had more strengths than weaknesses.Even though some chapters were dull and heavy(p) to read Weiss provides interesting information to the reader make up for his flaws. I learned from this book that globalization can integrate societies from all around the world more easily than I previously thought. Exposure to things like food, music, movies and fashion can have a great effect on a company of people from country that doesnt have much culture. Globalization is like a ripple effect that can change the thought process and way of life of an individual and Street Dream and Hip Hop Barbershops did a good job showing that effect.

Medieval and Renaissance Art Essay

The most significant difference between medieval and spiritual rebirth art is that renaissance art paid more help to the human body, and to detail. Both, however, focused mainly on religious themes, although not necessarily Christian. Renaissance artists are remembered because they brought about the changes that direct to the art of today.When feel at medieval art, such as The Notary of Perugia Writing a Document it is quite obvious that very little attention to detail is included. There is no depth to the painting, the writing on the parchment bares no resemblance to actual text, and everyone in the picture has the same face.In contrast, when looking at a renaissance painting, like Christ the Redeemer by Titian quite a bit more attention is given to detail, even though the scene does not encompass nearly as much. It is possible to see shadowing in the painting, as well as to the behavior of fabrics. There is excessively a good feel of depth with much attention paid not only to making a nice background, but separating it from the foreground as well.There are many similarities in the two styles they are, after all, separated by a short period in history. One similarity energy be a choice of colors, as the most visually appealing color combinations had yet to be discovered. Another similarity would be the lack of collar of how to accurately represent the human body, as this was considered sinful by the church Leonardo di Vinci did began to change this with some of his works though.The short period in meter left similarities between the styles of art, but they were few, far between, and diminished fast. Renaissance artists put forth much greater effort into these works and it really shows in the quality, quite a then the quantity produced.

Virtual Child Essay

I was asked to create and answer questions more or less a virtual s chooser. When I was told this was an denomination I thought this should be easy. Boy was I wrong I found m some(prenominal) things can affect the outcome of my boor. If I am too strict or too easy, the babys behavior impart show this. Over time, this allow also affect the youngsters temperament. I permit learned that some of my classmates virtual children be harder to beat back along with and require more discipline then differents. I decided to bonnie trust my instinct and answer the questions as if they were for a real child.In this report you will see how my answers affected my virtual miss Alexis and, my experience throughout the duration of the assignment. 0-8 MONTHS 1. How does your bollockss eating, sleeping and motor development compare to the true developmental patterns? Alexiss motor skills are exemplary for her mount, crawling, sitting up, and standing up, solely non walking yet. Her s leeping habits are normal for her age. Infants norm tout ensembley sleep six stripling-seventeen hours a day. For the first gear week or so Alexis wasnt very hungry and bendually disjointed a fiddling weight, she has now started eating and has gained mainstay some of the weight she lost. . At 8 months of age was your child an easy, slow-to-warm-up, or difficult baby in impairment of Thomas and Chesss classic temperamental categories? On what do you base this judgment? Alexis was an easy baby. She had a positive disposition and her body functions operated regularly. She is by and large positive and shows intense interest in her surroundings. She smiles at old(prenominal) large number and role athleticss, and she is satisfactory to laugh at funny and is developing lots of cute superficial habits. 3. How is your childs attachment to you and your partner developing?What is happening at the 3-month and 8-month periods that office affect attachment security according to Bowlby and Ainsworth, and various research studies? Alexis is more attached to me than my partner. She is able to centering her eyes on me and she studies my face. When Alexis started daycare she would usually cried when I dropped her off but got over it quickly. Now she is purpose to it and doesnt seem to contract whatever problem with it. 8-18 MONTHS 1. Describe and give examples of c passes in your childs exploratory or problem solving behavior from 8 through 18 months and categorize them according to Piagetian and information processing theories.Note that 8 months is included, so youll need to affair the time-line to look back at 8 months for examples. When Alexis was 8 months she was in substage 3 ground on Piagets 6 substages. . I play a hiding game with Alexis, she could find the object when I hid it in the same spot but was unable to find it if I put it in a different place. Now Alexis is in the substage 4, based on Piagets 6 substages. I played a hiding game with Alexis aga in and she was able to find the object even after long delays and seemed to envisage this is was considerable game. 2. Analyze your babys temperament in more detail at 18 months than you did at 8 months.How would you describe your baby in terms of the five aspects of temperament utilized by the practical(prenominal) Child program (activity, sociability, emotionality, aggressiveness vs. cooperativeness, and self-control)? Has Alexiss temperament been stable over the first 18 months? A blurb defining and providing examples of the five aspects of temperament is provided at 12 months, but you should seek out further explanations of temperament from your textbook. Explain how the concept of goodness of fit (also discussed in the blurb on infant temperament) applies to your interactions with your child. Alexis is very spry and is a very sociable baby. She isnt aggressive at all and she cooperates very fountainhead. I play with Alexis and introduce her to new things and she seems to e njoy it very more than. 3. Were you move by anything in the developmental assessment at 19 months? That is, does your perception of your childs somatogenetic, cognitive, language and hearty development differ from that of the developmental examiner? Give ad hoc examples. If you were non surprised, write instead about some aspects of your childs development that need the most work. I was very surprised that Alexis scored above average in all aspects of language development and she was above age-norms for building a block tower to model one do by the examiner and other skills such as copying shapes, coloring inside the lines and solving picture puzzles. 2 YEARS OLD 1. Have there been any environmental events in your childs first 2 1/2 eld that you call back might realize influenced his or her behavior? On what do you base your hypotheses? She is now in pre rail and I conceive it has been difficult for her because she isnt use to the new caregiver and environment.Another in stance is she was in an accident with her tricycle and she is now afraid to ride it. 2. How is your child progressing on typical toddler issues, such as learning household rules, learning to follow routines, listening to you, developing self-control and learning to get along with other children? She has been doing hale with learning household rules and listing to me. more or lesstimes she looks guilty when she breaks something, or embarrassment when she has a potty accident. She gets along with other children good. 3. Analyze your own rearing philosophy and practices.What principles from social learning theory, Bowlby, Ainsworth, Piaget, Vygotsky, information processing theory, developmental neuroscience and other theories do you appear to have relied on in making your parenting choices or interpreting your childs behavior? overwhelm three principles/theorists from the above list in your answer. My parenting practices and philosophy come from my experience as a child. I remember when I was young my parents didnt actually push me to succeed and learn new things. I want my child to explore and learn as much as she can.My parents were also lenient when it came to me get in trouble which made me do worse things when I was older because I knew the consequences wouldnt be so bad. That made me want to be a strict parent. 3 YEARS OLD 1. What activities and experiences you and your child have engaged in might be promoting healthy behavioral practices and an interest in physical activity? Alexis like to play hide and seek and likes to play sports for a short time. I think this will alleviate her be more interest in sports when she gets older which, will make her an active child, reducing the chance of obesity. . Describe development of your childs language and cognitive skills and discuss how these might be affecting his or her interactions with you your responses. Alexiss language development is very good. She likes to tell people about things she has take up e, but she sometimes leaves out details. When I check her telling stories I ask questions to help her to fill in a hardly a(prenominal) details. Alexis is also fascinated with her new baby babe Ashlynn and tells everyone about her. 3. How good is your child adapting to social situations in the home and outside the home?Does your child have any behavior or emotional problems at this point? wherefore do you think these problems are occurring and what are you doing about them? Alexis clings more to adults and only has a few geniuss in preschool. The only behavioral problem she has is acting up in public places and she is somewhat anxious and unsure of herself in social situations. I think these problems are occurring because she is constantly around adults. Im spillage to invite a few friends over and have play dates to help her get use to children. 4 YEARS OLD 1. How would you characterize your parenting style?How have your item parenting techniques changed since infancy? In w hat ways do you think your parenting style, or any other aspect of your parenting, has been influenced by your cultural soil or other experiences? My parenting style is Authoritative. I set rules and boundaries and if they are not followed there are repercussions but, at the same time I am a loving parent and I am emotionally supportive. My parenting techniques have been about the same since Alexis was a baby. I dont think my parenting skills have been influenced by my cultural backdrop at all.My experiences might have influenced my parenting because I was treated horribly when I was a child so I know I dont want my child treated like that. 2. Describe two specific examples of changes in your childs behavior at age 4 that seem to stem from harvesting in cognitive and language ability since the period of infancy (e. g. , improvements in symbolic thinking, reasoning, knowledge of the world, theory of mind). Alexiss symbolic thinking and reasoning has prominent a lot since infancy. She is above average in her problem solving skills and language abilities.She can solve problems with more than two steps and she can virtuoso(a) full sentences. 3. How would you characterize your childs personality? Would you say that your child is primarily overcontrolled, undercontrolled or resilient? Support your argument. Alexis is in the overcontrolled category. She is cooperative, and follows the rules, but she is very shy in social situations and anxious and clingy under pressure. For example, when she is in class and is asked to join a group for work she gets very unsure of herself and clings to the teacher. 6 YEARS OLD . How surface is your child adapting to social situations in the home and outside the home? Does your child have any behavior or emotional problems at this point? wherefore do you think these problems are occurring and what are you doing about them? Alexis is doing well in social situations she has made more friends and she isnt as clingy towards adults as she was before. Alexis let off acts up on occasion in public places but overall has been doing great. 2. Do you notice any improvements in cognitive and language skills since age 4? Give specific examples.Does your child have any special needs with regard to cognitive or language development at this point and what do you plan to do? Alexiss cognitive and language skills are above average. Alexiss memory is getting better. She beats me on memory games such as Concentration because she remembers where the separate are located. But when she tells people about things that happened to her, she leaves a lot of details out and sometimes gets the order wrong. I join in the retelling of the experience, prompting Alexis with questions, sort of than just butting in and telling it myself. . Which aspects of your childs behavior and personality reflect continuities from earlier behavior (e. g. , at ages 3-4 years) and which seem to be novel for this age level? Alexis doesnt act up in publi c places anymore like she used to. But she does like to cheat when we play games. Her personality is about the same a sweet girl who sometimes gets nervous and shy and looks to an adult to help her out. She has made more friends. Alexis has sound a kind of quiet leader of her trivial group of friends in first grade. She is still a bit shy, but well-liked by the other kids YEARS OLD 1. How smart is your child, and in what areas? Think back to the blurb on multiple intelligences that appeared at age 6. Find specific evidence regarding your childs verbal, logical-mathematical, spatial, euphonyal and bodily-kinesthetic intelligence from your observations of your own child as well as the psychologists report at age 8 years, 11 months. Alexis is very smart for her age. She is grate in solving problems, telling stories, and she is very talented in flabby and singing. Alexis Demonstrates military group in her reading and writing.Alexis is able to hold her own in conversations with adul ts, and uses some surprisingly difficult words in her speech. She also is beginning to use this vocabulary in her writing for school. Areas of speaking and listening and in content knowledge of social studies and science, areas of mathematical problem solving, understanding of data and number concepts and, in the areas of spatial understanding and visual arts. 2. Describe some examples of your childs behavior or thinking that you think are due to typical American gender use of goods and services socialization and explain why you think so.Several examples can be found at ages 6 and 8. How closely does your attitude toward gender roles correspond to typical American attitudes, and if there is a discrepancy, to what do you attribute this (e. g. , cultural background, attitudes of your own parents, etc. )? Alexis likes to follow me around and do what I do. Alexis enjoys playing sports with one of her friends brothers, and sometimes Alexis will also play sports with some of the boys on the block. Alexis is able to play with both boys and girls at school, but broadly plays with girls.I have taught Alexis that she can do whatever she wants. Such as being a police women or a sports athlete. I grew up playing with cars and toy soldiers as well as Barbie dolls to me it doesnt matter what gender you are. 3. How might your childs development have been different if s/he was raised by people with a different socioeconomic, ethnic or cultural background? Base your answer on specific evidence of SES/cultural differences from the textbook and class lectures. contrary goals have different views on how a child should be raised.For instance a child in a Chinese household would have to focus more on school and less on activities and would have much stricter rules. Or a female child in a Hispanic culture would focus more on home economics. 10 YEARS OLD 1. Describe your childs academic skills between ages 6 and 10 and assess how well these skills are developing. The 5th grade re port card will be useful for this but you should also incorporate your own observations. What are you doing to help your child? Alexis demonstrates strength in all areas of reading, and in spelling and appropriate for grade level in writing. Alexis s also demonstrating strength in the areas of speaking and listening and in content knowledge of social studies and science, in the areas of mathematical problem solving, understanding of data, number concepts, graphical applications, and arithmetic computation, in the area of art as well as in area of music. She is very smart. I help her by introducing her to new things and encouraging her to write, work on music and her art work. 2. How well is your child adapting to social situations in the home and outside the home? Does your child have any behavior or emotional problems at this point?Why do you think these problems are occurring and what are you doing about them? Alexis is doing good in outside social situations. She is already adep t at social networking. She adds photos to the family page every so often and sends messages to her friends. Alexis likes to go on weekends and hang out there with one or two friends. At home she sometimes fights with her sister Ashlynn. Sometimes Alexis gets revoke in stressful situations inside or outside the class get on, and will withdraw from activities or become anxious or moody. She usually improves before the day is over.When she fights with her sister I put her in time out and tell her what she did wrong and why it is wrong. 3. Has your parenting changed since the preschool period and if so, why do you think it has changed and what effect might this have on your child? Refer to your textbook or lecture notes for evidence on typical changes in parenting that occur in middle childhood. I dont think my parenting has changed at all. Im still a strict but loving parent and I still help Alexis outperform in her school and music and other activities that interest her. 12 YEARS O LD 1. Describe any physical or behavioral signs of incipient puberty. Alexis argues with me more, mostly about fit out bedtime and chores but otherwise we get along pretty well. I have to renegotiate household rules more then I use to with Alexis. And I have to make reasonable concessions, such as a later bedtime in exchange for more chores. Alexis has shown an interest in boys and likes to talk about hot actors or musicians. Ive also noticed shes been reading magazine articles about sex. Alexis thinks shes too fat due to a fruit spurt. She has taken to staring at herself in the mirror and refusing to wear certain clothes that she thinks make her look big.She seems to be more kindle in abatement out with her friends than requireing, and tries to get out of doing homework. Alexis has been getting teased for not wearing a bra because she is developing. 2. How would you characterize your child at this point in terms of the under-controlled, over-controlled or resilient categories? Have there been any changes since the preschool period and why might they have occurred? Alexis is now in the undercontrolled category she does not follow the rules, and has a tendency to become distracted and overly emotional, particularly when under stress.When she was in preschool she was undercontrolled. I believe these changes have occurred because she has hit puberty and has entered a sort of refractory stage. 3. Using the 7th grade report card and your own observations, summarize your childs academic skills at this point. What specific activities might promote some of these skills? Alexis is still doing great in school making straight As. She needs to focus more on time management, working independently in the class room and finishing homework on time. Some activities to promote her good grades would be to encourage her to keep it up. 5 YEARS OLD 1. What activities and experiences at ages 12 and 14 has your teen been involved in that might promote healthy behavioral practic es, physical fitness and skill in sports? Alexis tried out for the high school dance team and made it. Alexis practices routines and stretches at home quite often. She also played a little bit of Tennis one summer. She likes to do outdoor(prenominal) things lik going camping. I believe these things will help promote healthy behaviors. 2. Have there been any changes in your teens behavior toward you or your partner? Why are these occurring and how are you responding? Alexis occasionally gets upset and becomes cranky or gives us the silent treatment when we have discussions about issues such as bedtime, chores, curfew, clothing choices, music choices, etc. , but otherwise we get along pretty well. When we have discussions and she gets like this I drop it and talk to her about it more once she has calmed down. 3. Do you see any examples of how cognitive and physical changes in early adolescence (ages 12-14) relate to your teens social or emotional behavior? Now that shes older she wan ts to hang out with friends more and shes a lot more social.She was a little emotional about her body because of the changes puberty brought on. Along with puberty came a lot of emotional ups and downs. 16 YEARS OLD 1. Think about your teens cognitive strengths and weaknesses and how they are reflected in his or her school grades and activities from 14-16 years of age. What careers or courses of study might be best suited to your teens abilities and interests? Based off of Alexiss grades and interest, I think she would be best suited for a career in science, art, or music. She has excelled in these three subjects and she enjoys them very much.The most practical career would most likely be in science. 2. How important have your teens relationships with peers been to his/her social development, emotional well-being and school achievement from 14-16 years of age? It has been very important to her social development and wellbeing. It has helped her socially by getting her interested in things teens her age should be interested in and has made her emotional well-being much better. It hasnt helped her school achievements much, she would rather hang out with her peers instead of doing homework or working on school things. 3.How has your teen adjusted at 14-16 years of age to typical adolescent issues such as risk-taking, drugs, alcohol, and sexual interests, and how have you responded to your teen? She has experimented with alcohol, I talked to her and grounded her. She has been dating a boy for a few months and says shes in love so I talked to her about sex, birth control and condoms. 18 YEARS OLD 1. As the program ends, what pathways does your child appear to be on in terms of physical, cognitive, social, emotional and moral development? To what extent could you have predicted these pathways based on what you knew of your childs earlier development?Describe some specific ways in which you think your parenting mattered for your childs development, based on evidence from the course regarding the contributions of parents to child development. I think Alexis will continue dancing and she is on a great path for education. She had magnificent grades and did great on her PSATs. I believe she will get into a great college and have a great career. She has good social skills and even though she is a little emotional I think she will make good friends in the future. Her moral development is good she knows whats right and whats wrong and I think she will act accordingly.I knew Alexis would be smart from the time she was little. She ever so wanted to learn and she always did great in her academics. My parenting skills helped her achive as much as she did because I always encouraged her to learn and do what made her happy but at the same time I was strict and made sure what she needed to get done was done. 2. Describe some specific ways in which your child developed that appeared to be influenced by factors outside your control, such as genes, random envi ronmental events or the general influence of contemporary middle-class American culture. I think her shyness was probably a genetic factor. I also think that her school environment and the influence of other children her age made her the way she is. Our culture also influenced her with music and T. V. 3. Bonus Question Are there any issues you had with your parents, your school work, your friends, or your romantic involvements in the expiry year of high school that continued to be issues for you in college? Reflect on your own personality, interests and cognitive abilities at the time you graduated high school. How did these personality characteristics and abilities manifest themselves in subsequent years?How have they changed since your high school days, if at all? My last year of high school my foster mother passed away which really affected my school work which made college harder for me. I love music its my passion and I think when I left high school I focused more on it becaus e I had more time to do so. When I first started my virtual child I figured it would be easy, and at first it was. After I created my user name and password I was prompted to answer a few questions to help determine my babys gender and inherited traits.A few minutes later my virtual daughter Alexis was born. I have to say that doing virtual child was by far a great experience. I was very eager to do this project because I believed it would show me what kind of mother I will be when I decide Im ready for children in real life. A few weeks after Alexis was born she was somewhat lethargic, didnt want to eat very much, and she hadnt gained much weight. When I read this I was a little worried. I then read that I took her to a pediatrician and he said it was nothing serious.I thought it was a little strange as well so I looked it up. I learned that it is normal for newborn babies to stay around the same weight or even lose weight within the first few weeks, after that, babies generally st art eating more and gaining weight. I also learned when a baby loses weight they can become lethargic from lack of energy due to not eating enough. A short time passed and Alexis was eating heartily and gaining weight back. While raising Alexis I learned a lot of things. Like that genetics play a key part in her temperament.For example, the questionnaire I answered at the beginning asked me about my sleeping habits, and I answered that I slept often and I was told that Alexis sleeps virtually all the time. At every stage, I learned something new about the stages of development. When Alexis was five weeks old I wanted Alexis to be curious about her environment so I gave Alexis a lot of audio stimulation, including talking to her, singing to her, and putting on music for her to listen to. At eighteen months Alexis was very interested in music, and often danced to the rhythm.Then when Alexis was five she impressed everyone who heard her with her singing ability and ability to play song s by ear on the portable keyboard. I think playing music for her when she was a baby influenced this. At three months, Alexis started to make sounds like she was nerve-wracking to speak to me. So I would encourage her by talking back with her. One of the things I thought was cute about Alexis was that she would smile at familiar people and toys, and she was able to laugh at surprising or funny things like playing peek-a-boo.Alexis also preferred people over objects and smiled and interacted with nearly everyone. This made me feel good about how I was raising her. One part of the program said that my mother would come over and watch Alexis while I went out with my husband but I would call and check on her often. I think I would probably do that in real life. I think good mothers always worry about their children. When Alexis was fifteen months old, I noticed she would often study things in her environment and perform simple little experiments with them, almost like a little scientis t.Right away I thought it was interesting. I found out later on when she was older that she enjoyed science very much. I thought to myself, wow, things that you do when you are young carry on in to your older years. This made me think about what I was interested in when I was younger. When I was about four I sang in church and now Im twenty-two and I still love to sing and write lyrics. I had never thought about it before and I thought it was cool to compare it with my life. When Alexis was ten she got into social networking. I was kind of shocked to learn this.Even though I know computers and internet are very common these days, I wasnt aware such young children were using social networks such as Facebook. When I was ten I didnt even know what a computer was. Coming from my background and my raising I do not think I would let my child on a social network until they were at least fourteen. I just believe there are too many predators on the internet to let a ten year old join Faceboo k. A few times in the program Alexis told me that I was more supportive and approving of her than the average parent.She also said that I was stricter than most of the other childrens parents. Even though Alexis is a virtual child this comment made me feel really good. When I do have a child this is but the kind of parent I want to be. When I was growing up my parents were not very supportive of me at all and they were extremely strict. I do not want to be like that so knowing I was making the right choices brought me great joy. In Alexiss teenage years she started enough more isolated and emotional. She started spending a lot of time in her room and was very moody.She also became a lot less corporative. At first I thought it was because I did something wrong but, I started thinking about myself and other teenagers I know. From my own experience I figured out that that is just something that comes with puberty. Realizing that this was normal for teens, it helped me see that not ev erything was my foster parents fault when I was a teen, some of it was actually me. I believe this information will also help me when I have a teenager of my own. When Alexis was sixteen she got a part time job at a grocery store. This was an important thing for me.When I was fifteen I got my first job and it helped me become more independent. I was able to save money during the summer and buy my own school clothes and did not have to rely on my parents for much. It made the transition from living with parents to living on my own a lot easier. I think this will help Alexis strengthen her independence when she becomes an adult. Alexis was a straight A student all through school. This made me feel extremely proud of my virtual daughter. I believe that school is a very important part of having a successful life.When I was in school I strived to do my best so that I could go to college and have a great life. This experience with my virtual child was a very important one. To know my chil d was doing excellent in school told me I was doing something right in my parenting method. Some things that I found challenging in this assignment was the fact that there was not as much information as I thought there would be and what information was there was very spread out. I think it would have been easier if during the infant years they gave information for every month instead of every three months.Also some of the information given to was a kind of confusing and I did not agree with some of the answers to the questions because, in my mind, I could come up with so much more scenarios. My virtual child definitely challenged me and putt my mind to work. Some of the things that were easy for me during this project is the fact that at the end of each stage they gave a parent and child evaluation information. This helped me with my assignment it showed where I was at as a parent and what I needed to work on. My virtual child all in all was an excellent experience for me. To raise a child from birth to adulthood is very interesting.It helped me understand more about my human development class and I think it prepared me to be a howling(prenominal) parent in the future. My virtual child also helped me see where my all my parents were coming from when I lived in different homes and each of their own individual parenting methods. I also learned a lot from this experience about children. I know information that I probably wouldnt have learned anywhere else. Mostly, I think my personality made this experience even better for me. The fact that I love children and projects made this fun for me which helped me get through the program.

Milk and Dairy Products Essay

1-CarbohydratesCarbohydrates argon the best basis of zilch for the dust. They made from carbon, hydrogen and oxygen. The main group of gelt in viandss argon sugar, starches and cellulose. We grrust deal find Carbohydrate in rice, potatoes, bread, alimentary paste and cereals. The Carbohydrate score commonwealth blue, and they are the virtually source of energy for body.2-FatsFats are complex of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen. We get hold of fat for hormone metabolism, to substantiate healthy scramble and hair, it also helps to, repair the tissue .it helps to shape to your body. Sometimes it helps to protect the organs which are inside the body resembling kidneys. The main cardinal types of fats are saturated and unsaturated. You endure find saturated fat in animal products like, milk, cheese, shopping center with fat, cream.fat is the important source of calories and energy for body also it could be so dangerous for your health if you use it too much.fat leave behind he althier scratch and helps the body to use vitamins like A, D E and K because these are fat soluble.3-ProteinsProteins are built up longs chain of amino acids. We carry got 2 types of amino acids essential and non-essential amino acids and both of them are requirement for body. We have got two types of protein, animal protein and plant protein. You mountain find the best source of protein in tilt, meat and dairy produce, cereals, rice and eggs Some of your hormones, organs and muscles are made up with protein, and the virtually responsibility for protein is delivering the oxygen to blood cells. Also protein is ask for growing and repairing tissue and replacement.4-Vitamins and MineralsVitamins and minerals are nutrients which your body require to grow and develop norm tout ensembley.Vitamins are real important for body they help enzyme to resolve properly, we have two different type of vitamins water soluble (B vitamins and vitamin C) and fat soluble (A, D, E and K).body ca nt make the vitamins so we withdraw to unsex this from the food because it is necessary for body. We indispensability vitamin A to have healthy eyes this vitamin is necessary for body growth and repair. They are important to have healthy life, too little hail of vitamins cause health problems also too much of vitamins cause of some disease. Minerals you can find minerals in earth and sea. they can be found in water, root plants and animals. Some of them are needed for body like iron, magnesium, zinc, aluminium, calcium, For example we need iron to make homeoglobine, and calcium is required for healthy teeth and skin and bones. Amounts needed for most of minerals are very small and too much keep downs can be toxic to your body.5-WaterThe most important nutrient in your body is water, your body is mostly made up from water, more than half of your body weight is water, you can live for many days without food but you cant be alive without water more than a few days.It transmits o xygen and nutrients into all your cells. Also helps control your body temperature. It also helps to your metabolism work properly. We need to drink six or eight glasses of water a day. If the urine is dark in colour, this means that you need to increase your wandering levels. Illness and fever also increase your water necessity, and water replacement is necessary part of much medical treatmentP2 Identify different dietetical needs at each life st bestrideInfancy (0-3years)The babies only need milk to get the nutrients and breast milk is the best food for them because it contains all nutrients the baby needs. Some m some others are not able to breastfeed so they can feed by cows milk but this essential be sterilized to prevent infection. Before six months we just suggest rice, other cereal grains like oats, wheat, and barely can be circulaten after(prenominal) six months. For the first few months of their life they get all of the nutrients he needed from their mothers milk. Howe ver, babies are growing very quickly, and at rough 6 months of age breast milk could no longer meet all they needs, they have to give them solid foods. We should be careful not to give them too many foods mellowed in salt and sugar. Solid foods provide extra energy and nutrients which are needed at this time like fight and Zinc.You can give them one new food at a time and wait two or three days to see the reception and find out if they have any allergy or also you can see how well the new food is digested. By about 12-18 months the tot can eat the same food as the rest of the family, with less(prenominal) salt or sugar. Try to give those different fruit and vegetable as they all have different nutrients and also include some at each meal and offer them as snacks. Make sure your toddler get enough calories. For children between 1 3 years old energy requirements increases because children are more active and growing rapidly. Protein requirements do not increase much. Vitamins nee d to be increased. They need slightly dishonor measure of calcium and iron. They need more mineral at this stage.Childhood (4-10 years)In this stage the children are very active. Many children, especially those who are not physically active, tend to eat too many calories. Children aged 2 to 3 years, 4 to 6 years, and 7 to 10 years require approximately 1300, 1800, and 2000 calories, respectively. In these ages they need to eat healthy food like fish, meat, pasta, eggs, and potato, they should not eat too many way-out fizzy drinks sweets and biscuits because these cause tooth problems and obesity. Protein is necessary for body growth, so protein requirements for children are graduate(prenominal)er than for adults.They should take ripe fat milk and skimmed milk should not be given to children under 5 years of age. After the age of 4 children need more energy and protein, most vitamins and all the minerals unpack iron. Vitamin C corpse the same as they were younger. By the age of 7 10 years old their energy and protein intake still increases the requirement for most vitamins and minerals increased except vitamin A and C. dairy products should be mixed up in diet to boost calcium intake for strong bones. We have to give them vitamin D because it helps them to signifier strong bones and teeth.Adolescence (11-18years)When the children get to ages between 11 14 years they need more energy and their protein requirement increases by %50. At the age of 11 vitamin and mineral requirement differs for boys and girls. Boys need more vitamin and mineral but there is no change for some of the vitamins. Girls have to take minerals and iron when the menstruation starts. in the midst of the age of 15 18 boys need more energy and protein. They need more B vitamins, C, A and minerals such as magnesium, potassium, zinc and iodine. They need last amounts of calcium because of their skeletal development. Requirement for some B vitamins like B1, B3, B6, C and some minerals like magnesium, potassium and iodine. Boys and girls have the same requirement for B12 and vitamin C, magnesium, sodium and potassium.Girls need more iron but lower requirement for zinc and calcium. Teenagers should be pushed to choose a mixture of foods from the other basic food groups A curing of starchy carbohydrates bread, rice, pasta, breakfast cereals, and potatoes. Plenty of fruit and vegetables, Two to three portions of dairy products, like milk, yoghurt and pasteurised cheeses, Two servings of protein, such as meat, fish, eggs, beans and pulses. Many teenagers, mainly girls, dont get enough iron in their diet, so we should make sure they get plenty of meat, fish and leafy green vegetables. Protein is important, especially during a teenagers growth spurt, as is calcium and vitamins C and D. Because they are so active, they need lots of energy in their diet. Foods like pasta and bread are good foods as they are high in carbohydrate.Adulthood (19- 65years)In adulthood age 19 50 years the energy requirement is less for both women and men, because they are not as physically active as they were and their metabolic rates slow down. Their requirement for calcium is lower Women start losing calcium from bones during and after the beginning of menopause for about five years, after which the rate of calcium loss is reduced until about age seventy-five or eighty. So, it is important for women to eat foods high in calcium up to the age of thirty-five, also women need less magnesium and men need lower amount of iron.Their requirement for protein and most of vitamins and minerals remain the same in comparison to adolescents. Best recommend for food could be Whole, enriched, and fortified grains and cereals like brown rice and 100% whole wheat bread, vegetables such as carrots and broccoli, low- and non-fat dairy products like yogurt and low-lactose milk, dry beans and nuts, fish, lean meat and eggs, fluid intake (water is best).women have to increase iron to th eir diet. They should not eat too many high fat foods.Old age (+ 65years)After the age of 65 we need less energy because people get less active after this age. Men need less protein than women and their requirements for vitamins and minerals stay the same for both men and women as it was in their adulthood. After the menopause, women need less iron. The reduction in energy needs, coupled with unchanged requirement for vitamins and minerals means that the nutrient density of the diet becomes more important. nutritious density means the quantity of vitamins and minerals in relation to the amount of energy supplied by the foods and drinks consumed.With the advancement of age, the capacity to digest and have large meals often decreases. So, the amount of food given at a time needs to be decreased. If required number of meals can be increased as per the individuals tolerance. They should avoid food rich in fat, cholesrtol and animal fats, especially saturated fats, because they cause s ome cardio-vascular disease. They can use sunflower oil or soybean bean oil to prevent heart disease. Its better to add vitamin D to their diet.also they have to eat foods which are easy to digest, and eats plenty of somebodyaP3 explain two medical conditions related to unbalanced diets You are a key worker at Happy Day Nursery in Sutton. You are looking after two children who recently joined the nursery. Aisha is 4 years of age and she is severely overweight and you are discussing Aishas dietary needs with her parents.Shareef is 3 years of age and suffers from anemia.Explain the two medical condition related to unbalanced dietsObesityObesity is when a person is carrying too much body fat for their height and sex. Aisha is a person considered obese because she has a Body Mass Index (BMI) of 30 or more. The problems can cause by obesity is like difficulty breating, difficulty walking or running, increase sweating, high cholesterolShe has to reduce fat intake and sugary food stuff . It helps in cut back a lot of calories and, in turn her weight. She has to select foods with low, light or reduced calories or fat, including milk products. Also she needs to take foods that include starches and dairy productsShe has to take plenty of vegetables, fruits, grain products and whole grains each day. Dairy products should not be missed out. Low-fat, no-fat and reduced-fat milk, yogurts, cheese, ice creams and many other such products available in the market provide a good taste of things to the dieters. With proper nutrition, exercises and support Aisha can lose weight and develop healthy habits for her life.Over nutrition results from eating too much, eating too many of wrong things, not exercising enough, or taking too many vitamins or other dietary replacement. Tooth fall apart is a symptom of malnutrition. The enamel of the teeth can be dotted with white patches. The bone and teeth become easily breakable. Tooth decay is one of the most common of disorders. It usua lly occurs in children and young adults, but can affect any person. It is the most important causes of teeth loss in younger people. anaemiaanemia is a lack of red blood cells. Anaemia can be described as the loss of red blood cells or haemoglobin in blood. Haemoglobin is the carrier of oxygen to the various part of our body. Decrease in red blood cells means decrease in the carrying capacity of the blood. Anaemia is primarily the result of nutritional deficiency in our body. The most common symptoms of anaemia are weakness, breathlessness, lack of energy, depression, numbness, tingling sensation, irritability and memory loss. A person with anaemia will feel tired and week because the bodys tissues are being starved oxygen. In fact weakness is the main symptoms of most types of anaemia. Mild anaemia can occur without symptoms and may detect only during a medical exam that includes a blood test.Weakness, fainting, breathlessness, heart palpitations (rapid or strong beating), dizzi ness, headache, ringing in the ears, difficulty sleeping, difficulty concentrating, abnormal menstruation are symptoms of anaemia. A proper, well balanced diet is very beneficial for anaemic people. They have to include cereals, rice, pasta, dairy products (milk, yogurt and cheese), dry beans, eggs, vegetables and fruits, meat, poultry, fish and nuts. Beet root is one of the best home solutions for anaemia you can eat them as a cooked vegetable or in salad or even beet root juice for the purpose. Also the good sources of iron are Liver, green leafy vegetables, beets, dried fruits, brown flakes, brown rice, raisins and prunes.While anaemic people are recommended to have food reach in iron content, vitamin C is required for the absorption of iron. include citrus fruits like orange and lemon to your diet. Anaemia affects all population groups. However the most susceptible groups are meaning(a) women and young children. In pregnant women the baby needs extra iron so that the baby has a sufficient blood supply and receives all of the necessary oxygen and nutrients. Low deport weight in infants, young children and women of child bearing age are particularly at risk of anaemia. Women of child bearing age need to shine up 2-3 times the amount of iron required by men or older women. Lack of folic acid, vitamin A or B12 is the case of anaemia in people who are living in developing country.M1 Discuss how to components of a balanced diet contribute to an individuals health at different life stageIn infancy a babys kidneys are not as yet developed strongly enough to hold the high protein and mineral content fully until that age, the same applies to solid foods. After 6 months we can add some solid food to their diet because they are take to digest the food.During childhood, childrens food needs change usually, depending on their growth and their stage of physical activity and energy needs, a childs full protein, vitamin and mineral requirements boost with age. Perfect ly, children should be building up stores of nutrients in preparation for the quick growth experienced during adolescence. In adulthood they need to eat more fruits and vegetables the good source to take vitamins, minerals and fibre which also help prevent heart diseases, cancers and many health conditions that come up with age, it is encouraged that eat 5 portions of fruit or vegetables each day.Elderly adults should eat a well-balanced diet and exercise frequently spend some time outside to make better the vitamin D for healthy skin and bones limit fat and sugar eating such as cakes biscuits and so on eat foods high in fibre to help bowel health reduce on salt eat from a wide range of food and to share mealtimes with friends and family, The amount of food may cut because of the advancing of age effects the capacity to digest food and tolerate large meals.Task2P4 Identify two service users with precise dietary needsYou are working as a nurse in St.Helier Hospital. You are looking after several patients. One of your patients, Mr.Abdi Hailu suffers from a coronary heart disease. Another patient, Miss Talia Kaunu is lactose intolerant. Identify two service users with specific dietary needs.Mr.Abdi HailuMr Abdi has got Coronary heart disease. It is a narrowing of the blood vessels that provide oxygen and blood to the heart. Coronary heart disease is a major cause of illness and death. Coronary heart disease is generally make bechance by atherosclerosis when plaque gather on the artery walls, make them to narrow, resulting in less blood run to the heart. Sometimes a clot may form which can free the flow of blood to heart muscle. Coronary heart disease normally causes chest pain, shortness of breath, heart attack and other symptoms. So he should change his diet to prevent other damage to the heart. He has to eat lots of fruits and vegetables during the day. Decrease the amount of salt in his food and add some nuts and seeds to their diet and decrease the amount of fat in their diet. Therefor he has to change his life style like stop smoking, have some exercise during the day, have healthy diet and dont be in stress and reduce emotional.Miss Talia KaunuMiss Talia is not able to digest lactose, the sugar found in milk and milk products. It is caused by lack of lactose in her body. So she is not supposed to eat milk and she has to find some alternative like yoghurt and cheese. she might feel uncomfortable after having milk and milk products. Symptoms can include group AB pain, abdominal bloating, gas, diarrhoea, and nausea. The best management for this situation is she has to slowly put in small amounts of food and drinks which include lactose to determine the tolerance level or she can drink milk with a meal or with other food. Also there is some lactose enzyme in tablet form she can take them before eating.When she doesnt drink milk it can lead her to lack of calcium, vitamin D and protein, so she should find new way to get these, she can take calcium supplements and drink orange juice and have some food which have more calcium, dark green vegetables like spinach and fish with soft bones such as salmon and sardines are high in calcium.

Economic Background – Greece

Greece has a mixed capitalistic economy with a big public sector that accounts about half of GDP. Besides, Greece is a major beneficiary of European Union aid, which equal to about 3. 3% of annual GDP. In addition, Greece is an pastoral country and one of the poorest countries of the European Union with the second to lowest average income, after Portugal. In January 2002, Greece adopted the euro as its currency.The adoption provided Greece, formerly a high school inflation risk country under drachma, with plan of attack to competitive loan rates and also to low rates of the Eurobond market which led to a melodramatic increase in consumer spending and gave a momentous boost to economic growth. Between 2003 and 2007, Greece economy grew by nearly 4. 0% per year. The preparation for the Athens prodigious Games during 2004 gave an impulse to the Greece economy. However, the financial crisis had slowed down the Greeces economic growth to 2.0 % in 2008.As a result of the world financ ial crisis and its impact on access to credit, world trade and domestic consumption, the economy went into recession in 2009 and contracted by 2. 0%. In late 2009, eroding public finances, misreported statistics, and inadequate execute on reforms prompted major credit rating agencies to downgrade Greeces international debt rating, which has led to increased financial instability and a debt crisis.Greek government has ratified a three-year reform program that includes cutting government spending, reducing the size of public sector, tackling tax evasion, reforming the health care and pension systems, and improving competitiveness by means of structural reforms to the labour and product market under the intense pressure by the EU and international lenders.The Greek Government projects that its reform program willing achieve a reduction of Greeces deficit by 4% of GDP in 2010 and allow Greece to decrease the deficit to below 3% by 2012. Greece requested activation of a joint Europea n Union-International Monetary Fund support mechanism designed to assist Greece in financing its public debt in April 2010.

Literature Review Methane

Methane Recovery from Landfills Utilization as a Potential Energy Source and Impact on decrease of Green House Gasses According to The Conference Board of Canada, current Canadian municipal hale waste (MSW) generation levels are approximately 30 one million million million tonnes per year, with a rate of 894 kg per capita, 67 share of which is landfilled. (Jones L. et al. 2002) well landfills burry MSW under soil, sanctioning a complex series of reactions to occur, where anaerobic microorganisms decompose a portion of the organic fraction of the waste producing methane and century dioxide.Methane generation and emission from landfills are topics of major interest due to methanes role in the common landhouse effect, migration of fortune potential, health and safety issues and energy applications. The objective of this literature review is to provide a concise relationship between MSW and landfill gasses (LFG), details of potential methods used for capturing methane as appose to emitting the gas as well as the benefits of doing. Rendering to information written by D. R. Reinhart and T. G. Townsend (1998), MSW contains approximately 50 70 % of biodegradable material, such as food, paper, wood, and garden trimmings.Once MSW is deposited into a landfill, it undergoes a number of biological, physical and chemical changes. These changes are greatly dependent on site conditions, waste characteristics, temperature, quantity of oxygen, moisture contentedness and other factors. (Nozhevinikova et al. 1993) The most important reactions occurring within the landfill are those involving the microbes which begin to consume the carbon in the organic material, in turn causing the decomposition and in the end leading to the evaluate of LFG.In sanitary landfills, the process of burying waste and regularly covering deposits with a low permeability material creates an internal anaerobic milieu that favors methane producing bacteria since the presence of oxygen is lacking. Pathways leading to the production of methane and carbon dioxide from anaerobic digestion of organic fraction of solid waste are briefly described cry (out) 1) Decomposition of organic matter- In this preliminary process, compounds of higher molecular(a) mass (Lipids, proteins, nucleic acids etc. are transformed into intermediate mass compounds making them much more(prenominal) suitable for the microorganisms as a source of energy and cell carbon 2) Conversion of decomposed matter to Organic Acid- In this phase, the existing microorganisms convert the intermediate molecular mass compounds into lower molecular mass compounds such as compel organic acids. 3) Conversion of Acetic Acid to Methane Gas- During this stage, the microorganisms transform the acetic acid into methane (CH4) and carbon dioxide (CO2) gasses. Cassia de Brito Galvao, T. and Pos, W. H. 2002) As the solid waste decomposes in landfills, the gas which is emitted is composed of approximately 50 percent CH4 and 50 per cent CO2, both of which are green house gasses (GHG) (Bingemer, H G. , Crutzen, P. J. 1987) With Landfilling being the primary source of disposal of MSW around the world, (Encyclopedia Britanica 2012) methane emissions from landfill represent the largest source of GHG emissions from the waste sector, contributing around 700 Mt CO2-e. United Nations environmental Programme 2012) As recorded by Environment Canada (2010), similar trends exist nationally with emissions from Canadian landfills accounting for 20% of the total national methane emissions. Information garner in a thesis prepared by Palananthakumar, B. (1991) outlines the proportion of methane produced world wide from landfills, and bunghole be seen illustrated graphically below in figure of speech 1. 0. Figure 1. 0 % of Methane Production Contributions Worldwide from Landfill Existing research leads to the confident statement that methane is a potent greenhouse gas.As summarized in a 2009 article from the municipal subs tantialness Waste, the Journal for municipal Solid Waste Professionals, In its Fourth Assessment Report (2007), The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate convince (IPCC) reason out that, on a 100-year time frame, each molecule of methane has a global warming potential 25 times higher than that associated with a molecule of carbon dioxide. (Duffy, D. P. et al 2009) knock back 1. 0 summarizes the enumerated global warming potential for the primary greenhouse gasses discussed. Table 1. globose Warming Potential (GWP) for a Given Time Horizon greenhouse Gas GWP20-yr (kg CO2-e GWP (IPCC 2007) 100-yr (kg CO2-e) GWP 500-yr (kg CO2-e) Carbon Dioxide (CO2) 1 1 1 Methane (CH4) 72 25 7. 6 (Forster, P. et al 2007) In the last decade, attention to methane emissions from landfills has grown significantly with increase and ongoing awareness of global warming. The efforts of individual landfills as well as the nations as a whole are closely monitored for the control of methane emissions.A trend has been observe that the order of methane emission has been slightly decreasing, which is potentially due to the development of LFG to energy projects. Contrary to the negative perception associated with all greenhouse gasses, capturing this LFG can lead to safe outcomes. Generally, recovered methane either flares or is used as source of energy. The use of the gas as a source of energy is economical and environmentally genial method to reduce LFG emissions. There are three primary approaches for the utilization of LFG.They include 1) Direct use of gas local anestheticly 2) Generation of electricity and diffusion through power grid 3) Processing and injection into a gas pipeline. (Palananthakumar, B. 1991) The captured LFG has the potential to provide a continuous source of energy and improve local air quality. In addition, using LFG can significantly reduce GHG emission, making the pickaxe of exploiting this alternative energy source a very viable option to MSW management. Th e United States environmental egis Agency has utilized this MSW management option and continues to encourage it.They have created a program that aims to help reduce methane emissions from landfills by assisting and back up the recovery and use of LFG as an energy resource. Since the programs inception, Landfill Methane Outreach Program (LMOP) has assisted 520 LFG energy projects in the United States reduce landfill CH4 emissions and avoid CO2 emissions by a combine 44 million metric tons of carbon equivalent. The reduction of methane emission through this program has slightly influenced the overall emission of LFG in USA.The success of LMOP can be reckoned by observing statistics from 2010 where reductions from all operational LFG energy projects were equivalent to Annual GHG emissions from 18. 5 million passenger vehicles. (United States environmental Protection Agency 2012) A variety of technologies exist to generate electricity from collected methane including, internal combus tion engines, gas turbines, and microturbines. Although there is a diversity of technologies, approximately eighty five percent of existing LFG electricity generation projects use internal combustion engines or turbines. United States environmental Protection Agency 2012) How much energy can Municipal solid waste produce? is a common question among existing research. According to An Overview of Landfill Gas Energy in the United States published by U. S. Environmental Protection Agency Landfill Methane Outreach Program, one million tons of landfilled MSW can produce an electricity generation capacity of approximately 0. 8 MW. To further quantify this value, allowing the magnitude of the electricity generation to be understood, Focus on Energy (2003) outlines that 0. 8MW would be drawn to power approximately 8 000 100w light bulbs.It can be concluded that LFG recovery wreaks benefits environmentally, socially and economically. LFG recovery, particularly methane, also makes an impact on the larger issue termed green house effect, as it is amongst the most cost effective and feasible measures to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. The recovered LFG can be directly or indirectly utilized to produce energy, which is a perpetually small, however a very important component of an integrated approach to the solid waste management given that the use of landfills continues to remain the predominant method of municipal solid waste disposal in most countries. Global Methane 2012) References Bingemer, H G. , Crutzen, P. J. (1987). The Production of Methane from Solid Wastes. Journal of Geophysical Research, 90(D2), 21812187. Cassia de Brito Galvao, T. and Pos, W. H. (2002) Landfill Biogas Management Case of Chilean Sanitary Landfills. Recovering Energy from Waste, 183-194. Conference Board of Canada. (2011). Municipal Waste Generation. How Canada Performs, http//www. conferenceboard. ca/hcp/details/environment/municipal- waste-generation. aspx_ftnref3 (Sept. 28th, 2012) Duffy, D.. P et al (2009). Moving Up to the Top of the Landfill. Municipal Solid Waste Management. 19(2), 36-39. Encyclopedia Britanica (2012). Solid Waste Management. http//www. britannica. com/EBchecked/topic/553362/solid-wastemanagement /72390/Sanitary-landfill (Sept. 29th, 2012) Environment Canada (2010). Municipal Solid Waste and Greenhouse Gases. http//www. ec. gc. ca/gdd-mw/default. asp? lang=Enn=6F92E701-1 (Sept 29th, 2012) Focus On Energy (2003). Electricity Basics for Renewable Energy Systems, Focus on Energy, Wisconsin. Forster, P. et al (2007) Changes in Atmospheric Constituents and in Radiative Forcing. Climate Change 2007The Physical Science Basis. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, United Kingdom and New York, NY, USA. Global Methane (2012). Basic Concepts of Integrated Solid Waste Management. International Best Practices Guide for LFGE Projects, Global Methane Initiative, U. S. Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC. Jones, L. et al. (2002). Environme ntal Indicators 5th Edition. Critical Issues Bulletin, The Fraser Institute Vancouver, BC Landfill Methane Outreach Program (2012). An Overview of Landfill Gas Energy in the United States U. S. Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.Nozhevinikova, A. N. , et al. (1993). Microbiological Process in Landfills. Water Science Technology, 27(2), 243-252. Reinhart, D. R. , and Townsend, T. G. (1998). Landfill Bioreactor Design Operation, CRC Press LLC Boca Raton, FL, USA. Palananthakumar, B. (1991). Modeling of Methane Generation, Oxidation and Emission in Landfills. M. Eng. Thesis, Asian Institute of Technology School of Environment, Resources and Development, Bangkok, Thailand. United States Environmental Protection Agency (2012). Landfill Gas EnergyA Guide to Developing and Implementing Greenhouse Gas Reduction Programs. Local Government Climate and Energy Strategy Guides, U. S. Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC. United States Environmental Protection Agency ( 2011). Landfill Methane Outreach Program. Environmental Protection Agency, http//www. epa. gov/lmop/ faq/ lmop. html (Sept 29th, 2012) United Nations Environmental Programme (2012) Waste and Climate Change Global Trends and Strategy Framework. United Nations Environmental Programme Division of Technology, Industry and Economics International Environmental Technology Centre, Osaka, Japan.

World History Review: the Evolution

AP World History Unit 1 Review Chapter 1 Evolution- The process by which different kinds of living organisms are thought to have developed and diversified from earlier forms during the history of the e crafth. Paleolithic Age- support part of the Stone Age distinguished by the first usage of stone tools introduced by hominids such(prenominal)(prenominal) as Homo habilis. Neolithic Age- Latest part of the Stone Age beginning about 10,000 BC in the Middle East in which sedentary agriculture and domestication of plants and animals and permanent settlements were accomplished. Agricultural transition (Transition) Turning point for the Neolithic whirling. 0,000-8,000 BC. Slash & Burn- Technique in agriculture where forests are roughly fuck down and burned over to prepare fields for the next crop. Australopithecus- Fossil bipedal primate with dickens apelike and human characteristics fix in Africa. Homo Sapiens Sapiens- Modern humans. Neanderthal- nonextant species of human that lived in ice-age Europe 120,000-35,000 years ago. Jericho- Village in Palestine near the north end of the Dead sea. The Leakeys- Family of paleontologists whose fib of fossil discoveries in Tanzania changed theories of human evolution (1903-1972). Catal Huyuk- Large Neolithic settlement in southern Anatolia. 500-5700 BC Diamond- Precious stone consisting of a clear and typically colorless crystalline form of pure carbon. genus Venus Figurines- Prehistoric statuettes of women portrayed with similar physical attributes from Europe characterized by enhanced feminine features. Homo Erectus- Extinct species of primitive hominid with upright stature but small brain that originated in Africa. Homo Sapiens- biped primate having language and ability to make and use complex tools. Volume of brain at least(prenominal) 1400 cubic centimeters. Lucy- Partial female skeleton of a fossil hominid found in Ethiopia in 1974, and is about 3. million years old and 4 feet. Cro-Magnon- primeval form of modern humans. European Early Modern Humans (EEMH). Southwest Asia- Area in which as early as 3000 BC had contained a variety of cultures. Also known as Mesopotamia, it was located in an field of battle called the Fertile Crescent in present-day Iraq. It had large city-states in an area known as Sumer Birthplace of Judaism, Christianity, and Islam. The Sumerians- Developed the 12-month calendar and cuneiform writing. Lascaux- Site of a cave in the Dordogne, France, containing elaborate Paleolithic wall paintings.Fertile Crescent- Crescent shaped area of fertile land in the Middle East that extends from the eastern Mediterranean coast through the vale of the Tigris and Euphrates rivers to the Persian Gulf. Chapter 2 Mummification- Embalmment and drying a dead body and wrapping to preserve the body. Ziggurats- Rectangular stepped tower found in superannuated Mesopotamia surmounted by a temple. Hieroglyphics- Ancient form of pictographic writing employ by the Egyptians. Old gre at powerdom- Period in the 3rd millennium BC when Egypt attained its first boot of civilization in complexity and achievement.Middle Kingdom- Period of ancient Egyptian history. sore Kingdom- Period in ancient Egyptian history between 1550-1075 BC. Epic of Gilgamesh- Earliest known form of literature. Pyramid of Khufu- AKA Pyramid of Giza Menes- Egyptian pharaoh reigned 3100 BC. Founded first dynasty that ruled Egypt. Hammurabi (Laws)- Sixth king of the Bbylonian Empire. Known for his set of natural laws, which were one of the first put down codes of law in history. Deals with matters of contract, and trade. Akhenaten- Ancient Egyptian pharaoh who reigned about 3,500 years ago. Made major changes including his religious revolution and art style. 8th Dynasty. Ethical Monotheism- There is one graven image from whom emanates one morality for all humanity. Kush- Kingdom that reached its placard between 1700 and 1500 BC. Allied with Hyksos and conquered Egypt beginning the 2nd Inter mediate Period. Mesopotamia- 3500 BC. Known as the land between two rivers, Rains were seasonal in this area, which meant that the land flooded in the winter and spring and water was scarce at other times. Farming in the region depended on irrigation from the two Rivers. Phoenicia- 3000 BC. Group of individuals migrated from the Arabian Peninsula into the land of promised land located between Egypt and Syria.By 1200 BC, the Phoenicians controlled a narrow strip of land that bordered along the Mediterranean Sea in the northern Canaan where they built a number of cities and villages. Uruk- An ancient city of Sumer and later Bbylonia, fit(p) east of the present bed of the Euphrates river, on the ancient dry former channel of the river. Nile- Unifying labor in Egyptian history. Used to transport wealth and to shi stone blocks apply to build the Pyramids. Euphrates- Provided water that support the development of ancient Mesopotamian culture. Birthplace of the ancient civilizations of Assyria, Bbylonia, and Sumer Al Jazirah.Jerusalem- Religious center sacred to all tercet monotheistic religions. Israel was divided after Solomons death. Kingdom of Israel was in the north, while Judah was in the south. Pyramids- Used as massive tombs to enclose pharaohs or wealthy Egyptians. Cuneiform- Earliest writing systems evolved independently and at roughly the same(p) time in Egypt and Mesopotamia. That writing system invented by the Sumerians emerged in Mesopotamia around 3500 BC. Archaic Period- Name presumption to generalized hunter-gatherer societies by in the American continents from approximately 8000-2000 BC.Amon-Re- King of the Gods, Egyptian King Thebes Hermopolis Sun God Osiris- Egyptian god of the underworld and vegetation. Hyksos- Asiatic people who took over the eastern Nile Delta, ending the thirteenth dynasty, and initiating the min Intermediate Period of ancient Egypt. Sargon of Akkad- Reigned Mesopotamia from 2334 to 2279 BC. Baby in a basket where he wa s picked up along the Euphrates River where he was found by a man named Akki. Was considered the greatest man who ever lived. Celebrated in glorious tales down through the Persian Empire. Hatshepsut- Fifth pharaoh of the Eighteenth dynasty of Ancient Egypt.First great women in recorded history. Forerunner Moses- That guy. Abraham- Assyria- Egypt- Ur- Bbylong- Tigris- Anatolia- Chapter 3 Samsara- Karma- Sati- Caste- Lawbook of Manu- Indo-European- Upanishads- Kshatriyas- Shudras- Jati- Moksha- Varna- Dravidian- Rig Veda- Brahmins- Vaishyas- Indra- Aryans war god and military god. Varuna Mohenjo-Daro- Indus River- Punjab- Black Sea- Brahman- Harappa- gang River- Himalayas- Caspian Sea- Chapter 4 Mandate of Heaven- Book of Songs- Book of History- Book of Changes- Book of Rites- Tian- Yangshao- Xia Dynasty- Shang Dynasty- Zhou Dynasty- Qin Dynasty- Oracle Bones-King Yu- King Fuzi- King Yao- King Shun- Fu Hao- Yangzi River- Steppes- Yin- Huang He River- Central Asia- Central Southeast As ia- Ao- Luoyang- Chapter 5 Olmec Calendar- Vigesimal- Chavin Cult- Pyramid of the Sun- Temple of the Giant Jaguar- Olmecs- Austronesian- San Lorenzo- Tikal- Teotihucan- Australia- Oceania- New Zealand- Maya- Mochika- La Venta- Chichen Itza- Mesoamerica- Bering Strait- New Guinea- Indonesia- Crucial Facts * First Pharaoh of Egypt- King Menses The Fighter * Mesopotamians used Cuneiform * Societies that used Pictographic forms of scripture- Egypt (Hieroglyphics), Mayans, And Chinese. We know of the Aryans by the Vedas Upanishads Hindu Book * Paleolithic- Hunter Gatherers No Sheep * Neolithic- Introduction of agriculture (Agricultural Revolution/Transition) * Archeologist- Studies ancient remains Make approximations * Goddesses of Fertility- Venus Figurines European * Most religions in Mesoamerica- Polytheistic * Harappans- Not much is known about them. Hindu. * Xia/Shang/Zhou/Qin Dynasties in Order * Copper was the 1st metal Easy to check/mold. * Farming- Food surplus, possible for ci ties to exist, and sexual intercourse.

Buyer behavior Essay

Black sanitary, Miniard and Engel beget proposed a real generic mannikin of consumer fuss solving in their text. The authors have related consumer decision making process as a goal directed problem solving process for consumers. By this we mean that when going for a decision or selecting amid choices, a consumer is first exposed to a problem that creates confusion in his mind that what to think. This confusion and problem arises because there is a gap between his goals and the available services and crossroads.In rule to bridge this gap the consumer so takes help from the consumer decision making cast and thus solves this problem by fol pocket-sizeding a defined process. First of on the whole the consumer recognizes a process and identifies for the differences between his saint expectations and the situation and state of the product marketplace place. By using this problem solving process, Lamborghini gouge look into what be the main problems faced by consumers and a uthority customers in the market.Then it can come up with solutions in order to relate with the product, for example those customers who want speed with safety because they use this car for both family and lieu thus, Lamborghini can market this car as may be safety with speed and status (Woodside 1992). afterwards recognizing the problem the consumer then searches for a solution and thus he tends to influencek information about substitutes. This is the epoch when the organization is expected to permit the customers with the information they need and thus leaving an image for them as the completed solution to think upon.Lamborghini can also butt these customers by providing its promotional material and text to corporal heads, business executives and people with heavy bank accounts in order to be the first to be in their mind. As the product is quite expensive, thus there is very less chance that any consumer would vitiate considering the alternatives that are available in the market. This is the fourth stage of the consumer problem solving process where Lamborghini can provide the consumers with text and promotional material giving them a detailed overview of their product, its com courtitiveness and its edge over the other products.Then in the fifth stage the consumer buys the product and then makes further evaluation of the high society and the product after the use of the product. By getting consumer feedback and providing after sales services, Lamborghini can come up with brisk strategies and ways in order to please its customers. As the product is designed for a very limit based market, thus identifying different tastes, wants and preferences of consumers is very because they can subdivide under different categories. Each potential customer can be provided with information according to the subdivision he belongs to and thus lots customers can be satisfied (Bettman 1975).There are a lot of levels in which problems are solved by the consume rs depending on the effort they put in while deciding for a product that range from low involvement / low knowledge to high involvement/ high knowledge. There are 2 more levels in between these extremes. However in case of Lamborghini, as this product is a luxury point with a heavy price tag thus the consumers are highly involved. However as far-off as knowledge is concerned, there can be devil cases, high or low, due to the two different target markets that we have already discussed.This is because corporate and status conscious customers want the best without having much knowledge about the performance about the running and speed of the car. The price tag and the brand does it all for them where as sports car lovers do take information into account to a great extent. Here downstairs is a table that shows the difference in problem solving effectiveness of both the target markets. closing Goal Considerations Decision Process Using a decision sequence model, such as SOSTAC, obt ain an appropriate communications strategy (including media and message) for this target market.A decision making model is a model that manufacturers use in order to devise a marketing plan that is strategically designed for ensuring utmost communication with the consumers which will in the end help in attracting more customers for the company. The decision making model that has been discussed in the research paper is known as the Sostac business model which stands for Current situation, Objectives, Strategy, Tactics, Actions and lastly the subordination of the firm over its operations in order to market its product in the most high-octane way(Moner 1973).This model is closely related with the consumer buying and purchasing behavior because the methods of information collection and generating of information are designed in such a way they can be used to promote and market for the consumers, according to their tastes and preferences. This model also helps an organization to realiz e its own position in the market and identifies the weaknesses and strengths of the firm. basically the main function of this model is communication.The company first acquires information from the consumers that includes their intentions, attitudes, objectives and behavior towards a certain product, and then the company communicates comes up with a market strategy and plan in order to highlight these demands of consumers in their product. The company has to gather information regarding itself as soundly in order to see what echtly is the ongoing position of the company in the market so that the strategies it comes up with can be designed in the similar manner? A small developing business cannot claim and adopt strategies of a well established running business.In the case of Lamborghini, we will conduct a SOSTAC analysis in order to analyze its true position in the market as well the strategies it can use to market its products. Situation In this subhead, the company first analys es where it is now. Lamborghini has to analyze itself in the motorcarmobile in order to see how the industry, competitors and the consumers look up to it. For this the company should take into account three further concepts that include the Swot analysis, the pet analysis and its competitive position in order to construct the negative and positive side of the companies actual position.In the Swot analysis Lamborghini analyzes its strengths weaknesses threats and opportunities in the automobile industry and the consumer market. The strengths of the company are that it has been providing quality sports cars from a number of years and is known in the sports car industry in the world. Lamborghini is a brand pee-pee and it has many loyal rich customers who came back again and again for newer models. As the SUV that the company is producing is a very luxurious car and also very happy on products, thus it is easy for the company to target its potential market with few other sports car ma nufacturers.Competition in the sports car industry between these few players is quite intense because every company tries to focus on the small potential market for sports cars (Dhar 1997). This can be looked upon as weakness of the company from the external side because companies like Ferrari BMW and AUDI are also producing and marketing quality sports cars like Lamborghini. to a fault as the company is marketing a branded and a luxurious expensive car, it cannot flood the market by mass production and reduced prices.The reason lowlife this is that along with marketing for the SUV, the company also has to maintain its luxury brand image and the status of producing A class cars. Thus they cannot fall below a certain standard to attract more customers. Opportunities for the company in this case are that more and more credit facilitation programs are being launched by banks and monetary institutions as known as auto loans and thus the company can target even those customers who have recently been promoted to high salary jobs and thus have the ability to pay for the installments.Lamborghini is also providing such auto loans to customers as well in order to make availability of funds to them. Private franchise owners are also coming into the scene even from the developing countries and thus the company also sees great opportunities and potential in the markets of these countries, again targeting the top notch people of their society. TV shows like Top Gear and ruby Line have also aired entire episodes on the performance and the characteristics of the car and has helped in educating them well about the car.Lastly, in the SWOT analysis, Lamborghini also faces threats from the external side as the industry is coming up with new technology in racing and there has been a race going in this regard. Also there is a huge cost of business also involved in research and growth because the research and development going on in this field are one of the most advance(a) lev els of researches ever.